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Plant Kingdom Overview: Vascular vs. Nonvascular, Reproduction, Adaptations

Learn about plants: autotrophic, eukaryotic, cell walls. Explore plant groups, life stages, adaptations for land living. Understand vascular vs. nonvascular plants, seed production, and reproductive strategies. Dive into characteristics of seed plants, roles of phloem, xylem, pollen, seeds, roots, stems, and leaves. Discover reproduction processes in gymnosperms and angiosperms. Test your knowledge with information checks, comparing plant types, understanding adaptations, and plant reproduction.

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Plant Kingdom Overview: Vascular vs. Nonvascular, Reproduction, Adaptations

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  1. Plants

  2. Teaching Point #1 • Almost all plants are autotrophic, eukaryotic and have cell walls.

  3. Teaching Point #2 • Plants are grouped into 2 groups: nonvascular plants, which lack a well–developed system of tubes for transporting materials, and vascular plants, which have a system to transport materials.

  4. Teaching Point #3 • The 3 main major groups of nonvascular plants are mosses, liverworts and hornworts, which all are low-growing plants in moist areas where they can directly absorb water and nutrients.

  5. Teaching Point #4 • Ferns, club mosses and horsetails have vascular tissue but do not produce seeds; instead they reproduce by releasing spores.

  6. Teaching Point #5 • Seed plants are vascular, use pollen and seeds to reproduce, and have stems and leaves to provide support and nutrients.

  7. Teaching Point #6 • Gymnosperms produce naked seeds and angiosperms produce flowers and fruits.

  8. Teaching Point #7 • In gymnosperms pollen falls from a male cone onto a female cone, and in angiosperms pollen from the anther falls on the flower’s stigma.

  9. Characteristics of Plants

  10. Adaptations for living on land Algae Land plant

  11. Complex Life Cycle

  12. Sporophyte stage: A sporophyte produces SPORES, which are tiny cells that can grow into new organisms. • Gametophytestage: The plant produces sperm cells and egg cells.

  13. What does it mean to be vascular or nonvascular? Nonvascular plants: NO VASCULAR TISSUE! (low-growing, no roots for absorbing water) Vascular plants: HAVE VASCULAR TISSUE! (Suited to life on dry land, transport materials throughout plant, so can grow tall)

  14. Information check • Name 2 ways plant cells are different from other eukaryotic cells. • What adaptations do land plants have the water plants don’t? • Does algae need cuticles? Why or why not? • How do vascular plants differ from nonvascular plants? • What are the 2 major stages of a plant’s life?

  15. Plants WITHOUT Seeds Nonvascular Vascular

  16. Characteristics of SEED plants

  17. Purpose of each… • Phloem: Moves the food throughout the plant so nutrients reach EVERY cell! • Xylem: Moves the water and minerals from soil to the rest of plant. • Pollen: Sperm cells (that will eventually fertilize the egg cells) • Seed: The zygote! Seed contains the young plant and PROTECTS it. • Roots: Anchor the plant and absorb water and nutrients • Stem: Carries substances from roots up to plant. Also, holds the plant and leaves up so they can be exposed to sun • Leaves: Capture sun’s energy to make food (photosynthesis!)

  18. Information check • Nonvascular seedless plants are all low-growing and live in moist areas. How are these 2 characteristics related? • What do you think is the MOST important adaptation of seed plants? Why?

  19. All have flowers(The reproductive structure of angiosperms) • All have seeds protected by a FRUIT • All have “naked seeds” = NOT protected! • Many have needle-like leaves

  20. Reproduction in gymnospermsExample: Pine Tree

  21. Reproduction in angiosperms(Example: Apple Tree)

  22. Flower structure Attract pollinators Where pollen is deposited Location of pollen Develops into a SEED Ovary: Becomes the FRUIT: dispersal of seed

  23. Information Check • Why are cones important for gymnosperms? • Compare and contrast reproduction in angiosperms and gymnosperms. (How are they similar? Different?) • What characteristics do all angiosperms share? • Is the following picture a gymnosperm or angiosperm?

  24. Check for Understanding • What is the difference between a vascular and nonvascular plant? Give as many differences as you can. • Name adaptations that distinguish flowering plants from mosses. • Explain the role of stomata in leaves. • What role does a fruit play in an angiosperm’s life cycle? Give as many details as possible. • How does the sporophyte generation of a plant differ from the gametophyte generation of a plant? • What are the main functions of a plant’s roots, stems and leaves?

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