Solubility

1. Solubility Goals: You will understand that density, melting point, boiling point, and solubility do not change based on the amount of matter present. Required notes will have a asterisk * by the items that need to be highlighted/written down . There are also places that you may need to fill in the blank, answer questions, or write your own examples.

2. How do I do notes at home Ms. A? Requirements for taking notes at home • Purpose: Students will record notes at home and then come in to class for discussions, hands-on activities, centers and labs during class. This way, students are able to get the notes, without taking away time from class activities that go along with the PowerPoint notes. • Options: • Option 1: Take notes in science journal, Cornell notes style based on the PowerPoint. • - Highlight the important information and write questions to the side of the notes (on the left side) for us to go over in class. • - Write at least TWO questions or TWO statements on what you learned • Option 2: Print out PowerPoint slides and annotate the slides. Staple the slides into science journal • - Highlight the important information and write questions to the side of the slides. • - Write at least TWO questions or TWO statements on what you learned. • **Ms. Armentrout has the right to have a Pop Quiz based on the notes if she feels that the majority of the class has not analyzed the notes. ** • Exceptions: If you do not have a computer with internet access at home, you can get a paper copy from Ms. Armentrout the day before the notes are due. If you do not have a printer, you will need to do option 1. I will not print out extra copies for student’s that have computers but do not have printers.

3. Due Dates 10/30/12 • Read and analyze : “Vocabulary”, “Three types of mixtures”, “what is a solution”, “suspension vs. colloids” slides. Make sure that you write down the points with the * next to them and create examples. 11/1/12 - Read and analyze solubility vocabulary, table, “Factors that affect solubility”, “Examples”, “More factors”, and Practice problems.

4. Vocabulary • Boiling Point: The temperature at which a liquid boils • Melting Point: The temperature at which a solid melts • Mass: A quantity of matter (The amount of stuff in an object) • Physical Changes: A change which takes place without any changes to the molecular composition of a substance * • Pure Substance: Matter that cannot be separated into any other matter by any physical processes * • Solubility: The ability of one substance to dissolve into another *

5. Three types of Mixtures • Colloid: Medium sized particles that are distributed in a gas, liquid or solid * • Example: Heavy Cream • Write your own example: • Suspension: Large particles are distributed in a gas or liquid. The particles do not dissolve, so the block light and the mixture appears cloudy. When suspensions are left still, they will separate* • Example: Flour and water, Italian dressing • Write your own example: • Solution: Two or more substances are completed blended and evenly distributed. * • Example: Jello, Kool-Aid • Write your own example:

6. What is a solution? • Solutions may be a solid, liquid, or gas * • A solution is a mixture, where two or more substances are so completely blended and evenly distributed that you cannot see the different parts • A solution=homogeneous mixture * • EXAMPLE: When you make kool-aid, can you see the Kool-Aid mix and the water in two parts or are they completely blended and evenly distributed? *

7. Suspension vs. Colloids This is muddy water after it has been left still. Notice how the soil has settled to the bottom but it appears murky. Milk is an example of a Colloid. Notice how light does not pass through the solution and the particles did not settle.

8. Solubility Vocabulary • Solvent: In a solution, the substance in which the solute dissolves.* • Can be a liquid, gas, or solid * • Solute: In a solution, the substance that dissolves in the solvent* • Can be a liquid, gas, or solid* • Example: Water is the most common solvent * • Concentration: the measure of the amount of solute dissolved in a solvent* • Example: Adding just the right concentration of antifreeze to the water in a car radiator is important for keeping the engine from freezing in the winter and overheating in the summer. • Example: Adding extra water to your Kool-Aid to dilute it so the drink is not too strong. The concentration of the Kool-Aid mix makes the drink too strong so you added water.

9. Fill in the table with the correct state: Solid, Liquid, Gas *

10. What Factors Affect Solubility? • Temperature* • An increase in temperature has two effects on solid solutes*1. They dissolve more quickly* 2. Greater amount can be dissolved in a given amount of liquid solvent * • The opposite happens with gas solutions. * • An increase in temperature makes a gas less soluble in water. * • Example: Soda loses its fizz faster as it warms up. The carbon dioxide gas cannot stay dissolved in water as the temperature increases. So the gas escapes, making the soda become flat.

11. Examples of Temperature that Affects Solubility • Example: Sugar dissolves faster when water is hot then when the water is cold * • Example: Jello mixture dissolves faster when the water is hot then when the water is cold.* • Write your OWN example of how temperature affects solubility.

12. More Factors that Affect Solubility • Pressure* • Pressure changes normally do not change the solubility of solids or liquids BUT the solubility of a gas increases at higher pressures and decreases at lower pressures. * • Example: Carbon dioxide is added to cans and bottles of soda water under high pressure. The pressure decreases when you open the bottle, letting carbon dioxide bubbles escape. *

13. Practice Questions** Answer these in science notebook. Title: Solubility and Mixture Questions • In a solution of water and salt, which substance is the solute? • How does pressure affect the solubility of gases? • Which would dissolve sugar faster: hot tea or iced tea? Explain your answer in at least 2 sentences.