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This overview explores the critical components of urine, highlighting the significance of high urea and creatinine levels for identifying renal function issues. With urine composed of 95% water, urea makes up almost half of the total dissolved solids, with creatinine and uric acid as notable contributors. We also discuss urine specific gravity, osmolarity, and pH levels, alongside the implications of hemoglobin and myoglobin in urine analysis. Understanding these factors is crucial for diagnosing renal diseases and assessing overall health.

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  2. What is this Fluid?? • High levels of Urea and Creatininelevels in Urine will help ID as urine. • Page 31 • Urine is 95% water and 5% Solutes • Urea accounts for nearly ½ of dissolved solids and other substances are mainly creatinine and Uric acid

  3. Specific Gravity • Hypostenuric< 1.010 • Isostenuric1.010 Glomerular filtrate (lost ability to concentrate or dilute urine) • Hyperstenuric>1.010 • Osmolarity also used for similar information • Change of pKa w indicator • pH < 6.5 decrease Radiographic dye Increase

  4. Hemosiderin • Hemoglobin in the urine may be reabsorbed by the renal tubular cells and appear as large yellow-brown granules • Stain with Prussian Blue • Transfusion reactions, Hemolytic anemia Severe burns, ect Associated with Hemoglobinuria

  5. Myoglobin vs Hemoglobin

  6. What happens to urine at Room TempPage 33 Table 3-2 Panel 2.2B

  7. Renal DiseasesPage 146 Table 8-1Table 2.2(v) and Table 2(w)

  8. Types of Specimens • Random • First morning • Timed • Clean catch • Sterile

  9. Dipstick ChemistriesTable 4.4 (O)

  10. JaundiceUrineBilirubin and Urine Urobilinogen Table 5-3 page 68

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