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LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS ALGERIA PART 3: EARTHQUAKES

LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS ALGERIA PART 3: EARTHQUAKES. Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA . ALGERIA. TECTONIC PLATES. ALGERIA: AFRICA—EURASIA COLLISION. MODERATE TO HIGH RISK. NATURAL HAZARDS THAT HAVE CAUSED DISASTERS IN ALGERIA.

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LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS ALGERIA PART 3: EARTHQUAKES

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  1. LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERSALGERIAPART 3: EARTHQUAKES Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA 

  2. ALGERIA

  3. TECTONIC PLATES

  4. ALGERIA: AFRICA—EURASIA COLLISION

  5. MODERATE TO HIGH RISK

  6. NATURAL HAZARDS THAT HAVE CAUSED DISASTERS IN ALGERIA FLOODS GOAL: PROTECT PEOPLE AND COMMUNITIES WINDSTORMS EARTHQUAKES HIGH BENEFIT/COST FROM BECOMING DISASTER RESILIENT LANDSLIDES ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE

  7. Natural Phenomena that Cause Disasters Planet Earth’s heat flow and lithospheric interactions cause EARTHQUAKES

  8. A DISASTER is --- --- the set of failures that overwhelm the capability of a community torespond without external help  when three continuums: 1)  people, 2) community (i.e., a set of habitats, livelihoods, and social constructs), and 3) complex events (e.g., earthquakes, cyclones,..) intersect at a point in space and time.

  9. Disasters are caused by single- or multiple-event natural hazards that, (for various reasons), cause extreme levels of mortality, morbidity, homelessness, joblessness, economic losses, or environmental impacts.

  10. THE REASONS ARE . . . • The community is UN-PREPARED for what will happen

  11. THE REASONS ARE . . . • When it does happen, the functions of the community’s buildings and infrastructure are UNPROTECTED with the appropriate codes and standards

  12. THE REASONS ARE . . . • The community has NODISASTER PLANNING SCENARIOor WARNING SYSTEM in place

  13. THE REASONS ARE . . . • The community LACKS THE CAPACITY TO RESPOND to the full spectrum of emergency situations.

  14. THE REASONS ARE . . . • The community is INEFFICIENT during recovery and reconstruction because it HAS NOT LEARNED from either this experience or the prior experiences.

  15. TOWARDS EARTHQUAKE DISASTER RESILIENCE

  16. HAZARDS • INVENTORY • VULNERABILITY • LOCATION • PREPAREDNESS • PROTECTION • FORECASTS/SCENARIOS • EMERGENCY RESPONSE • RECOVERY and • RECONSTRUCTION EARTHQUAKE RISK POLICY OPTIONS ACCEPTABLE RISK RISK UNACCEPTABLE RISK QUAKE DISASTER RESILIENCE DATA BASES AND INFORMATION ALGERIA’S COMMUNITIES HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS

  17. HAZARDS EXPOSURE VULNERABILITY LOCATION ELEMENTS OF EARTHQUAKE RISK RISK

  18. WHAT WILL HAPPEN?EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS (AKA THE POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS)

  19. SEISMICITY TECTONIC SETTING & FAULTS EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS MODEL

  20. TSUNAMI FAULT RUPTURE DAMAGE/ LOSS TECTONIC DEFORMATION DAMAGE/ LOSS DAMAGE/LOSS FOUNDATION FAILURE EARTHQUAKE DAMAGE/ LOSS SITE AMPLIFICATION DAMAGE/ LOSS LIQUEFACTION DAMAGE/ LOSS LANDSLIDES DAMAGE/ LOSS DAMAGE/LOSS AFTERSHOCKS DAMAGE/ LOSS SEICHE DAMAGE/ LOSS GROUND SHAKING

  21. CAUSES OF DAMAGE INADEQUATE RESISTANCE TO HORIZONTAL GROUND SHAKING SOIL AMPLIFICATION PERMANENT DISPLACEMENT (SURFACE FAULTING & GROUND FAILURE) IRREGULARITIES IN ELEVATION AND PLAN EARTHQUAKES FIRE FOLLOWING RUPTURE OF UTILITIES “DISASTER LABORATORIES” LACK OF DETAILING AND CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS INATTENTION TO NON-STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS

  22. CAUSES OF DAMAGE HIGH VELOCITY IMPACT OF INCOMING WAVES INLAND DISTANCE OF WAVE RUNUP VERTICAL HEIGHT OF WAVE RUNUP INADEQUATE RESISTANCE OF BUILDINGS TSUNAMIS FLOODING “DISASTER LABORATORIES” INADEQUATE HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL EVACUATION PROXIMITY TO SOURCE OF TSUNAMI

  23. LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL EARTH-QUAKES PREPAREDNESS FOR ALL OF THE LIKELY EARTH-QUAKE HAZARDS IS ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

  24. LOCATION OF STRUCTURE IMPORTANCE AND VALUE OF STRUCTURE AND CONTENTS EXPOSURE MODEL

  25. QUALITY OF DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION ADEQUACY OF LATERAL-FORCE RESISTING SYSTEM VULNERABILITY MODEL

  26. 35 30 25 UNREINFORCED MASONRY, BRICK OR STONE 20 REINFORCED CONCRETE WITH UNREINFORCED WALLS 15 10 REINFORCED CONCRETE WITH REINFORCEDWALLS STEEL FRAME ALL METAL & WOOD FRAME 5 0 V VI VII VIII IX CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS HAVE DIFFERENT VULNERABILITIES TO GROUND SHAKING MEAN DAMAGE RATIO, % OF REPLACEMENT VALUE INTENSITY

  27. HIGH POTENTIAL LOSS EXPOSURES IN AN EARTHQUAKE A communities people, property, essential and critical infrastructure, business enterprise, and government centers

  28. LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL EARTH-QUAKES BUILDING CODES AND LIFELINE STANDARDS ARE ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

  29. LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL EARTH-QUAKES TIMELY EMERGENCY RESPONSE IS ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

  30. ALGERIA’S NOTABLE EARTHQUAKES M7.3 EL ASNAM (CHLEF): OCTOBER 10, 1980 M6.8 BOUMERDES: MAY 21, 2003

  31. BOUMERDES EARTHQUAKE

  32. BOUMERDES EARTHQUAKE • LOCATION: approximately 60 km east of the capital, Algiers. • The quake was the strongest to hit Algeria since 1980, when the M7.3 El Asnam (renamed as the Chlef earthquake) occurred.

  33. INTERNATIONAL ASSISTANCE Many nations sent teams to assist in the search and rescue efforts and/or contributed financial resources

  34. IMPACTS • 2,266 people were killed, 10,261 injured, and 200,000 left homeless • 400 were killed in Algiers alone

  35. IMPACTS • The Boumerdes Province and the eastern side of Algiers experienced the worst damage.

  36. BOUMERDES EARTHQUAKE

  37. IMPACTS • In the Algiers Province, 554 schools suffered light damage, 330 schools received moderate damage, and 11 were heavily damaged or completely destroyed

  38. IMPACTS • The University of Science and Technology in Bab Ezzouar, which has the largest university campus in Algeria, was among the damaged schools

  39. IMPACTS • More than 1,243 buildings were completely or partially destroyed • Infrastructure (roads and bridges) was damaged in Algiers, Bourmerdes, Reghaia, and Thenia

  40. IMPACTS • A localized tsunami damaged boats off the coast of the Balearic Islands

  41. ALGERIA’S CHLEF EARTHQUAKE(M7.3) October 10, 1980

  42. LOCATION: 200 KM WEST OF ALGIERS Generated on a thrust fault marking the collision of the African and Eurasia plates

  43. THE CHLEF EARTHQUAKE GROUND SHAKING MAP

  44. DAMAGE

  45. DAMAGE

  46. IMPACTS • DESTROYED: The town's main hospital, a big department store, the central mosque, a girls' school and two housing complexes • 3,500 DEAD and 300,000 people left homeless

  47. With the assistance of UNESCO’s Earth Science Division and experts from the USA and other nations, Algeria developed a state-of-the-art seismic zonation strategy for reconstruction

  48. THE NEXT EARTHQUAKE IS INEVITABLE • EARTHQUAKE DISASTER RESILIENCE IS NOT AN IMPOSSIBLE DREAM!

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