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Head Injuries and You

Head Injuries and You. Micah Adams OSU ATEP. Introduction. Every year millions of Americans receive head injuries, over ½ of those injuries are severe to need emergency treatment. Head injuries are most commonly the result of a direct blow via an outside object or force.

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Head Injuries and You

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  1. Head Injuries and You Micah Adams OSU ATEP

  2. Introduction • Every year millions of Americans receive head injuries, over ½ of those injuries are severe to need emergency treatment. • Head injuries are most commonly the result of a direct blow via an outside object or force. • Soccer Ball to the Face • Three major types…… • Concussion • Fracture • Brain Trauma

  3. Concussions • The most common head injury in athletics • Up to 20% of HS athletes suffer a concussion each season • Repeated concussions can cause serious harm to your brain • Most concussions do NOT cause loss of consciousness

  4. Concussion (Cantu) • Concussion Severity • Symptoms • Grade I (mild) • Sx resolve <15 min, PTA <30 min or no LOC • Grade II (moderate) • PTA >30 min. & <24 hrs. or LOC <5 min. • Grade III (severe) • PTA >24 hrs. or LOC >5 min. OR sx’s > 7 days • Concussion

  5. Concussion (Colorado) • Concussion Severity • Symptoms • Grade I • Confusion, no amnesia, • no LOC • Grade II • Confusion with amnesia, no LOC • Grade III • Any LOC • Concussion

  6. Concussion (AAN) • Concussion Severity • Symptoms • Grade I • No LOC,Transient confusion • <15 min., sx <15 min • Grade II • No LOC • Transient confusion >15 min., • Sx resolve > 15 min • Grade III • Any LOC(brief or prolonged) • Concussion

  7. Fractures • Fracture- really just a fancy name for a broken, cracked, or damaged bone. • Occur within the head/face, but often go unobserved. • Fractures are usually recognized by an individual by a “pop” or “crack”.

  8. Common Fractures • Nasal Bone Fracture • Occur mainly by direct blow to the bridge of the nose and cheek bone. • Bleeding through the nose is 99.99% going to happen if the nose is broken. • Can deviat the nasal septum resulting in the obstruction of an airway.

  9. Common Fractures • Skull Fracture • Can occur on and throughout all the sections of the skull. (parietal, occipital, frontal, and temporal bones) • Usually skull fractures show signs of concussions and CAN have spinal fluid leakage through the ears. • These types of injuries are a medical EMERGENCY!!!

  10. Common Fractures • Mandible Fracture • Fractures that involve the jaw are considered mandible fractures and may encompass many other problems. • Mandible fractures can and often do also include Maxilla fractures (fractures of the upper lip area) • Surgery is usually the way these types of fractures are fixed. • Can take 3-6 months for full recovery after this type of fracture

  11. Common Fractures • Zygomatic Arch (Cheek Fracture) Fracture • Occur through direct blow and often a sheering force from an object. • Elbows and fists are common mechanisms for causing this fracture. • Swelling often fills the injury site and makes observation of the area difficult.

  12. Intracranial Trauma Damage to the brain and spinal cord are medical emergencies and should be treated and cared for as such. 1.) Assess the injury 2.)ACTivate EMS (spine-board/vitals) 3.) Monitor patient until help arrives Common Injuries to the brain include…

  13. Bleeding • Brain Trauma resulting in intracranial bleeding… • Bleeding either subdural (under the dura mater of the brain meninges) or epidural (between the dura and arachnoid mater of the meninges) • MEDICAL EMERGENCY • Subdural bleeds often take weeks to even months to present signs and symptoms

  14. Contusion • Bruising of the brain • Will be a result of the brain hitting the skull walls while floating within the cerebral spinal fluid. • Often results in a concussion

  15. Lesion • Micro Cuts of the Brain • Often result in damage to the functions that the brain can perform. • Cranial nerve assessments can be administered to notice deficiencies of cerebral trauma • Can result in an intracranial bleed

  16. Avulsion • Ripping away of the brain from its connection to the spinal cord • Avulsion- the tearing away of an object from itself. • Not often seen as an injury but still is present in a small percent of head injury patients. • Should be immediately spine-boarded if this injury is suspected due to the possibility of sudden death.

  17. Review • Concussions • Grade 1 • Grade 2 • Grade3 • Fractures • Nasal, Skull, Mandible, and Zygomatic • Intracranial (brain) Trauma • Bleeding • Lesion • Avulsion • Contusion

  18. Conclusion • Head injuries occur daily and are a major part of what Athletic Trainers must treat and rehabilitate. • Staying up to date on background information including signs, symptoms, and treatments is crucial to success in Athletic Training. • Although head injuries are fun to watch sometimes they are SERIOUS injuries that can lead to brain damage or death

  19. Quiz • 1.) Name 2 types of Fractures mentioned in this presentation. • 2.) What intracranial bleed occurs slowly over a period of a few weeks? • 3.) What video did you find amusing and the best reference for its purpose?

  20. Links • Youtube.com (find a video that you really enjoy) • Pubmed.gov • Google Images • Assessment of Upper Extremity Injuries 2nd Edition • Ed. Tech classroom help via our teacher.

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