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Enzymes are helper protein molecules crucial for the flow of energy through life. Life is dependent on chemical reactions, with enzymes building and breaking down molecules to sustain vital processes. Enzymes are catalysts that drive reactions, named for the specific tasks they perform. Their shape and composition determine their effectiveness, with each enzyme requiring a specific structure for its function. Enzymes, ending in "-ase," work continuously without being used up and can be reused for multiple reactions due to their efficiency. Understanding enzyme action involves considering factors like amino acid order, temperature, and pH levels. Temperature affects enzyme activity by influencing collision rates, with human enzymes operating optimally at specific temperatures. pH levels also impact enzyme function, with different enzymes functioning best at distinct pH levels in various body environments. Enzymes are essential in all living organisms, playing a critical role in maintaining life processes.
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Flow of energy through life • Life is built on chemical reactions
+ + Chemical reactions of life • Processes of life • ______________ molecules • ______________ • ______________ molecules • ______________
enzyme + enzyme + Nothing works without enzymes! • How important are enzymes? • ____________________________________________________________________ • building molecules • ___________________ • breaking down molecules • ___________________ • __________________________________ • “catalysts” We can’t live without enzymes!
+ + Examples • __________________ enzyme • __________________ enzyme
Enzymes are proteins • ________________________________________________________________________ • each enzyme needs to be the ___________ for the job • enzymes are named for the reaction they help • ___________ breaks down ___________ • ___________ breakdown ___________ • ___________ breakdown ___________ • ___________ builds ___________ Oh, I get it! They end in -ase
____________ Enzymes aren’t used up • ____________________________________ • used only temporarily • re-used again for the same reaction with other molecules • very little enzyme needed to help in many reactions ____________ ____________ ____________
It’s shape that matters! • _______________________ • ________________allows enzyme &substrate to fit • ____________________________ ____________________________
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Enzyme vocabulary • _________________ • helper protein molecule • _________________ • molecule that enzymes work on • _________________________ • what the enzyme helps produce from the reaction • _________________ • part of enzyme that substrate molecule fits into
What affects enzyme action • _______________________________ • correct order of amino acids • _______________________________ • _______________________ • _______________________________ • _______________________ • _______________________________
Order of amino acids • _______________________________________
Temperature • Effect on rates of enzyme activity • _________________________ • greatest number of collisions between enzyme & substrate • human enzymes = • ___________________________________ • _________________________ • _________________________________ • _________________________ • molecules move slower • decrease collisions
What’s happening here?! Temperature reaction rate temperature
pH • Effect on rates of enzyme activity • ____________________________________ • ____________________________________ • depends on where in body • pepsin (stomach) = pH 3 • trypsin (small intestines) = pH 8
What’s happening here?! pH stomachpepsin intestinestrypsin reaction rate 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 pH
__________! For enzymes…What matters?
