Transformer Outage Response for SIUC: Executive Summary and Recommendations

1. F08 – 72 – OUTGRESPFirst Contingency Outage Response for SIUC Client: SIUC Physical Plant Engineering Services Team Members: Rudy Probst, EE Kyle Moore, EE Terry Campanella, PM, EE/CpE Clint Frederick, EE Phil Craig, EE Tanner Jones, EE Faculty Advisor: Dr. Constantine Hatziadoniu Client Contact: Steve Lazorchak, PE

2. Outline of Topics • Executive Summary – Rudy • Description, Options, and Justification – Kyle • Mechanical Considerations Subsystem – Terry • System Protection Subsystem – Clint • Universal Transformer Subsystem – Phil • Summary – Tanner

3. Executive Summary • Issue: Major transformer failure Summer 2008 causing a major outage • Project: Reduce outage time • Typically SIUC reacts to failure instead of preparation

4. Executive Summary • Expectations • Feeder diagram for fault protection • Emergency transformer • Mechanical restrictions • Outage plan • Outcome • Simulation of feeder diagram • Transformer recommendation • Recommendations to reduce outage time

5. Executive Summary • Results • Feeder diagram not as accurate as desired • On time • On budget • Estimated cost to implement: ~$92,000 • Time to implement: Estimated 8 months • Cost of study: $0

6. Options Investigated • Do nothing • Purchase 1 transformer • Purchase 2 transformers • Mobile transformer • 3 banked single-phase transformers • Form consortium to share costs

7. Option Chosen • Purchase two transformers • Covers both 480V and 208V transformers • Covers most indoor transformers on feeder 7 • Investigate consortium option • Many other institutions have similar issues • Coverage against failure of two transformers with same secondary voltage

8. Subsystems Flowcharts • Implementing recommendations: • Will reduce outage time at least eight hours • Saves money after five uses of each transformers

9. Cost and Time to Implement • Costs • Two $46,000 transformers • Storage facility • Time • Analyze, confirm, and design replacement : 20 man-hours • Finalize contracts to build: eight man-hours • Prepare storage area: unknown • Develop plan to replace transformers: 58 man-hours

10. Mechanical Considerations • Engineering C – 2 transformers • No clear pathway to the surface • Tunnels covered with desks, coal samples, chairs, file cabinets, etc. • Will have to avoid steam piping and ledges

11. Replacement Location • Limited by breaker handles • Block pathway to open area of electrical room • Wide open space at backside of electrical room • Need cabling to avoid access locations • Nails in ceiling limit ability to run cabling

12. Limiting Factors

13. Problems at Arena

14. Ideal Tunnel…

15. Actual Tunnel…

16. System Protection • Ensure that replacement transformers and the electrical system will be properly protected against fault currents • Chose feeder seven to do a protection study • Built a model in EasyPower • System data

17. System Protection • Replaced the present transformers with our specified replacement transformers • 1000 kVA 12,470 V Δ – 4160 V Δ / 480 V Y %Z = 4.5 • 1000 kVA 12,470 V Δ – 4160 V Δ / 208 V Y %Z = 4.5 • Ran the simulation

18. Time-Current Characteristic Curve

19. Universal Transformer • Must be electrically and mechanically compatible • Several options considered • Fourteen of fifteen transformers 208 V or 480 V secondary voltage • Thirteen of fifteen transformers rated 1000 kVA or less • Most outdoor transformers are non-critical

20. Mobile Transformer • Determined to be non-feasible • Cable length to transformer location presents problems • Voltage drop • Safety hazards • Security of power system

21. Summary • Reduce outage periods • Save money for SIUC • Recommend database for all power equipment at SIUC • Estimated cost to implement: ~$92,000 • Time to implement: estimated 8 months

22. Summary - Acknowledgements • Steve Lazorchak • Damon Adams • Rob Estes • Justin Harrell • Rick Martin • Joe Wolfe • Keith Field • Mrs. Purcell • Dr. Hatziadoniu