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US Immigration and the Industrial Revolution

This chapter provides an overview of immigration patterns during the 19th century, the rise of industrialization, the impact of cotton production, the transportation revolution, and the market revolution. It also explores the changing roles of women during this time.

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US Immigration and the Industrial Revolution

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  1. Chapter 14 Overview

  2. Topic 1: Immigration • Where were immigrants primarily from?

  3. Push Factors War Poverty Famine Religious Persecution Limited Opportunity Oppressive Government Pull Factors Job opportunities Available land Political & religious freedom Family No compulsory military service Explaining Immigration

  4. Nativism

  5. Topic 2: Industrialization

  6. US Becomes Industrial Giant

  7. Urbanization

  8. Topic 3: The Cotton Kingdom

  9. The Cotton Gin1793—Eli Whitney With a cotton gin, a worker could clean 50 times more cotton than by hand.

  10. The Spread of Cotton Production

  11. Increased Slavery Table 3: Population of the South 1790-1860 *Source: Historical Statistics of the United States (1970)

  12. Topic 4: The Transportation Revolution

  13. Components of the Revolution • Steamboats • Canals • Beginnings of Railroads • Roads & Turnpikes • Clipper Ships

  14. The Erie Canal  With its endpoints in Albany and Buffalo, New York’s Erie Canal linked the young nation’s East and West. Canal travel encouraged trade, tourism, and western farming and settlement. After the canal opened in 1825, nearby cities and towns grew.

  15. Topic 5: The Market Revolution • The market revolution transformed a subsistence economy of scattered farms and tiny workshops into a national network of industry and commerce (p. 317).

  16. Effects of the Market Revolution • Standards of living rose • People were more affected by market fluctuations • Income inequalities increased (rich-poor gap grew) • The home became less a center of production and more of a haven for families.

  17. Topic 6: Women in Changing Times • The Cult of Domesticity or Cult of True Womanhood (named such by its detractors, hence the pejorative use of the word "cult") was a prevailing view during the Jacksonian Era, in the United States. It is the belief that a woman's role in marriage was to: • Maintain the home as a refuge for her husband • Train the children • Set a moral example for children to follow • True women were expected to possess four virtues: piety, purity, submissiveness, and domesticity. • The Cult of Domesticity identified the home as the "separate, proper sphere" for women, who were seen as better suited to parenting. • Reaction to these standards led to the Seneca Falls Convention in 1848 [Adapted from Wikipedia]

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