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Final Project

This presentation covers XSLT 2.0, a language for transforming XML documents into other text-based documents. Learn about XSLT Processor, XSLT Transformation, and more elements of XSL. Understand why XSL is crucial in transforming and presenting XML documents effectively. Discover the importance of combining XSL and CSS in styling documents. Explore how XSLT uses XPath for navigation and transformation, as well as the key functionalities and benefits it offers. Get insights into XSLT processors like Xalan and browsers supporting XML and XSLT. Master the correct declaration and implementation of XSL style sheets per W3C guidelines.

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Final Project

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  1. Final Project • Pre-presentation: 10 minutes • 6/3 Class hours change to ?

  2. XSL: eXtensible Stylesheet Language Transformations (XSLT 2.0) Version 2.0 W3C Working Draft 4 April 2005 A language for transforming XML documents into other text-based (including XML) documents

  3. eXtensible Stylesheet Language (XSL) • Introduction • XSLT Processor • XSLT Transformation • How To? • Elements (partial) Introduction • Conditional Processing • Copying Nodes • Combining Stylesheets • Variables • XSLT Elements Reference • Summary

  4. Why XSL? “Why two Style Sheet languages?” • A need for an XML-based Stylesheet Language: The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) started to develop XSL • CSS =HTML Style Sheets • The unique features are that CSS can be used to style HTML documents • Adding styles to HTML elements are simple • Telling a browser to display an element in a special font or color, is easy with CSS. 

  5. Why XSL? “Why two Style Sheet languages?” • XSL = XML Style Sheets • XSL is able to transform documents • XML does not use predefined tags (we can use any tag-names we like), and the meanings of these tags are not well understood. • XSL describes how the XML document should be displayed! • "Using XSL and CSS Together“ • by Håkon Lie and Bert Bos. [from the W3C 'Style' Page] • The two languages complement each other and can be used together. • W3C will work hard to ensure that interoperable implementations of the formatting model is available

  6. eXtensible Stylesheet Language (XSL) • XSL is a family of recommendations for defining XML document transformation and presentation. • It consists of three parts: • XSL Transformations (XSLT):Week11 • A language for transforming XML documents • XML Path Language (XPath):Week10 • An expression language used by XSLT to access or refer to parts of an XML document. • A language for navigating XML documents • XSL Formatting Objects (XSL-FO):Week12 • A language for formatting XML documents

  7. eXtensible Stylesheet Language (XSL) • XSL is a language that transforms XML into other documents, • Filters and sorts XML data • Formats data based on the data value

  8. Introduction • What is XSLT? • XSLT stands for eXtensible Stylesheet Language Transformation (XSLT) • XSLT is the most important part of the XSL standards • A language for transforming XML documents into other text-based (including XML, HTML, text) documents • XSLT uses XPath tonavigate nodesin XML documents • XSLT is a W3C Standard

  9. Introduction (cont.) • With XSLT you can add/remove elements and attributes to/from the output file. • You can • Rearrange and sort elements, • Perform tests and make decisions about which elements to hide and display, and a lot more. • The transformation process is that XSLT transforms an XML source tree into an XML result tree.

  10. Introduction (cont.) • XSLT Uses XPath • XSLT uses XPath to find information in an XML document. • XPath is used to navigate through elements and attributes in XML documents. • How Does it Work? • In the transformation process, XSLT uses XPath to define parts of the source document that should matchone or more predefined templates. • When a match is found, XSLT will transform the matching part of the source document into the result document

  11. XSLT Processor • XSLT processor • Microsoft Internet Explorer 5, not compatiblewithW3C standard ( IE 6 and up support) • Apache’s Xalan • Java 2 Standard Edition required • Download at www.java.sun.com/j2se • Installation instructions • www.deitel.com/faq/java3install.htm • Xalan required • Download at xml.apache.org/xalan

  12. XSLT Processor (cont.) • Not all Internet browsers have full support for XML and XSLT. • Firefox 1.0.2 • This web browser has support for XML and XSLT (and CSS). • Mozilla 1.8 • Mozilla includes Expat for XML parsing and has support to display XML + CSS. Mozilla also has some support for Namespaces. • Mozilla 1.8 is available with an XSLT implementation. • Netscape 8 • Netscape 8 is based on the Mozilla engine. Same XML / XSLT support as Mozilla. • Opera 8 • This web browser supports XML

  13. XSLT - Transformation • Correct Style Sheet Declaration • The root element that declares the document to be an XSL style sheet is <xsl:stylesheet> or <xsl:transform>. • Note:<xsl:stylesheet> and <xsl:transform> are completely synonymous and either can be used! • The correct way to declare an XSL style sheet according to the W3C XSLT Recommendation is: or:

  14. XSLT – Transformation (cont.) or: • Note: The xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" identifies the official W3C XSL recommendation namespace. • If you use this namespace, you must also include the attribute version="1.0". • Note: If you are using IE 6.0 or Netscape 6 you should use one of the codes above.

  15. XSLT – Transformation (cont.) • Incorrect Style Sheet Declaration • This was the correct way to declare an XSL style sheet according to the W3C XSL Working Draft: Note:The declaration above is OUTDATED, but if you are usingIE 5you should use the (incorrect) code above

  16. Top-Level Elements in xsl:stylesheet • The xsl:stylesheet element may contain the following types of elements. • An element occurring as a child of an xsl:stylesheet element is called a top-level element. xsl:import xsl:include xsl:strip-space xsl:preserve-space xsl:output xsl:key xsl:decimal-format xsl:namespace-alias xsl:attribute-set xsl:variable xsl:param xsl:template

  17. XSLT Transformation – How to? • Start with your XML Document • We want to transform the following XML document ("cdcatalog.xml") into HTML:

  18. XSLT Transformation – How to? (cont.) • Create an XSL Style Sheet • Then create an XSL Style Sheet ("cdcatalog.xsl") with a transformation template

  19. XSLT Transformation – How to? (cont.) • Link the XSL Style Sheet to the XML Document • Finally, add an XSL Style Sheet reference to your XML document (“ex.xml") <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> <?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href=“ex.xsl"?> …………….... Result: If you have an XSLT compliant browser it will nicely transform your XML into HTML!

  20. xsl:apply-template • The apply-template element is always found inside a template body.   • It defines a set of nodes to be processed.  • In this process, it then may find any 'sub'template rules to process (child elements of element in context). • If you want the apply-template instruction to only process certain child elements, you can define a select attribute, to only process specific nodes.  • In the following example, only the 'name' and 'address' elements in the root document element will be processed: <xsl:template match="/">    <xsl:apply-templates select="person/name | person/address"/> </xsl:template>

  21. Conditional Processing • There are two instructions in XSLT that support conditional processing in a template: • xsl:if The instruction provides simple if-then conditionality • xsl:choose The instruction supports selection of one choice when there are several possibilities.

  22. Conditional Processing with <xsl:if> <!-- Category: instruction --><xsl:iftest = boolean-expression>  <!-- Content: template --></xsl:if> • If the result (boolean expression) is true, then the content template is instantiated; otherwise, nothing is created • <xsl:template match="namelist/name"> • <xsl:apply-templates/> • <xsl:if test="not(position()=last())"> • , • </xsl:if> • </xsl:template> <xsl:template match="item"> <tr> <xsl:if test="position() mod 2 = 0"> <xsl:attribute name="bgcolor"> Yellow </xsl:attribute> </xsl:if> <xsl:apply-templates/> </tr> </xsl:template> The names in a group of names are formatted as a comma separated list

  23. Conditional Processing with <xsl:choose> • The <xsl:choose> element is used in conjunction with <xsl:when> and <xsl:otherwise> to express multiple conditional tests <!-- Category: instruction --><xsl:choose>  <!-- Content: (xsl:when+, xsl:otherwise?) --></xsl:choose> <xsl:when  test = boolean-expression>  <!-- Content: template --></xsl:when> <xsl:otherwise>  <!-- Content: template --></xsl:otherwise>

  24. Conditional Processing with <xsl:choose> (cont.) ………………………………… <xsl:for-each select="catalog/cd"> <tr> <td><xsl:value-of select="title"/></td> <xsl:choose> <xsl:when test="price &gt; 10"> <td bgcolor="#ff00ff"> <xsl:value-of select="artist"/></td> </xsl:when> <xsl:otherwise> <td><xsl:value-of select="artist"/></td> </xsl:otherwise> </xsl:choose> </tr> </xsl:for-each> ………………………………….. • Where to put the Choose Condition • To insert a conditional choose test against the content of the XML file, simply add the <xsl:choose>, <xsl:when>, and <xsl:otherwise> elements to your XSL document like this

  25. 1 <?xml version = "1.0"?> 2 3 <!-- Fig. 12.11 : conditional.xsl --> 4 <!-- xsl:choose, xsl:when, and xsl:otherwise --> 5 6 <xsl:stylesheet version = "1.0" 7 xmlns:xsl = "http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"> 8 9 <xsl:template match = "/"> 10 <html> 11 12 <body> 13 Appointments 14 <br/> 15 <xsl:apply-templates select = "planner/year"/> 16 </body> 17 18 </html> 19 </xsl:template> 20 21 <xsl:template match = "year"> 22 <strong>Year:</strong> 23 <xsl:value-of select = "@value"/> 24 <br/> 25 <xsl:for-each select = "date/note"> 26 <xsl:sort select = "../@day" order = "ascending" 27 data-type = "number"/> Fig. 12.11 Using conditional elements.

  26. 28 <strong> 29 Day: 30 <xsl:value-of select = "../@day"/>/ Allow conditional statements 31 <xsl:value-of select = "../@month"/> 32 </strong> 33 Content of when element used if condition is met 34 <xsl:choose> 35 36 <xsl:when test = 37 "@time &gt; '0500' and @time &lt; '1200'"> 38 Morning (<xsl:value-of select = "@time"/>): Content of otherwise element used if no conditions are met 39 </xsl:when> 40 41 <xsl:when test = 42 "@time &gt; '1200' and @time &lt; '1700'"> 43 Afternoon (<xsl:value-of select = "@time"/>): 44 </xsl:when> 45 46 <xsl:when test = 47 "@time &gt; '1200' and @time &lt; '1700'"> 48 Evening (<xsl:value-of select = "@time"/>): 49 </xsl:when> 50 51 <xsl:when test = 52 "@time &gt; '1200' and @time &lt; '1700'"> 53 Night (<xsl:value-of select = "@time"/>): 54 </xsl:when> 55 56 <xsl:otherwise> 57 Entire day: 58 </xsl:otherwise> Fig. 12.11 Using conditional elements (Part 2).Allow conditional statementsContent of when element used if condition is metContent of otherwise element used if no conditions are met

  27. 59 60 </xsl:choose> 61 62 <xsl:value-of select = "."/> 63 64 <xsl:if test = ". = ''"> 65 n/a 66 </xsl:if> 67 68 <br/> 69 </xsl:for-each> 70 71 </xsl:template> 72 73 </xsl:stylesheet> Fig. 12.11 Using conditional elements (Part 3).

  28. Output from Fig. 12.11

  29. Creating Elements • The xsl:element element allows an element to be created with a computed name • The content of the xsl:element element is a template for the attributes and children of the created element <!-- Category: instruction --><xsl:element   name = { qname }   namespace = { uri-reference }   use-attribute-sets = qnames>   <!-- Content: template --></xsl:element>

  30. Creating Attributes • The xsl:attribute element is used to add attributes to result elements whether created by literal result elements in the stylesheet or by instructions such as xsl:element • Instantiating an xsl:attribute element adds an attribute node to the containing result element node. • The content of the xsl:attribute element is a template for the value of the created attribute <!-- Category: instruction --><xsl:attribute  name = { qname }  namespace = { uri-reference}>  <!-- Content: template --></xsl:attribute>

  31. 1 <?xml version = "1.0"?> 2 3 <!-- Fig. 12.4 : games.xml --> 4 <!-- Sports Database --> 5 6 <sports> 7 8 <game title = "cricket"> 9 <id>243</id> 10 11 <para> 12 More popular among commonwealth nations. 13 </para> 14 </game> 15 16 <game title = "baseball"> 17 <id>431</id> 18 19 <para> 20 More popular in America. 21 </para> 22 </game> 23 24 <game title = "soccer"> 25 <id>123</id> 26 27 <para> 28 Most popular sport in the world. 29 </para> 30 </game> 31 32 </sports> Fig. 12.4 XML document containing a list of sports.

  32. 1 <?xml version = "1.0"?> 2 3 <!-- Fig. 12.5 : elements.xsl --> Use attribute match to select XML document root 4 <!-- Using xsl:element and xsl:attribute --> Element apply-templates applies XSLT document templates to specific nodes 5 match element sports and apply templates to sport node’s child nodes 6 <xsl:stylesheet version = "1.0" 7 xmlns:xsl = "http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"> Create element title 8 Create attribute id for element title 9 <xsl:template match = "/"> Create comment with element para comments 10 <xsl:apply-templates/> 11 </xsl:template> 12 13 <xsl:template match = "sports"> 14 <sports> 15 <xsl:apply-templates/> 16 </sports> 17 </xsl:template> 18 19 <xsl:template match = "game"> 20 <xsl:element name = "{@title}"> 21 22 <xsl:attribute name = "id"> 23 <xsl:value-of select = "id"/> 24 </xsl:attribute> 25 26 <comment> 27 <xsl:value-of select = "para"/> 28 </comment> 29 30 </xsl:element> 31 </xsl:template> 32 33 </xsl:stylesheet> Fig. 12.5 Using XSLT to create elements and attributes.Use attribute match to select XML document rootElement apply-templates applies XSLT document templates to specific nodesmatch element sports and apply templates to sport node’s child nodesCreate element titleCreate attribute id for element titleCreate comment with element para comments

  33. 1 <?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8"?> 2 <sports> 3 4 <cricket id = "243"> 5 <comment> 6 More popular among commonwealth nations. 7 </comment> 8 </cricket> 9 10 <baseball id = "431"> 11 <comment> 12 More popular in America. 13 </comment> 14 </baseball> 15 16 <soccer id = "123"> 17 <comment> 18 Most popular sport in the world. 19 </comment> 20 </soccer> 21 22 </sports> Fig. 12.7 Output of transformation.

  34. Copying Nodes • Duplicate nodes from sources tree to result tree • Elementcopy • Produce copy of context node (current node) • Place copy in result tree • No child nodes or attributes are duplicated <!-- Category: instruction --><xsl:copy  use-attribute-sets = qnames>  <!-- Content: template --></xsl:copy>

  35. Copying Nodes • Duplicate nodes from sources tree to result tree • Element copy-of • Performs copy of subtree • Duplicates children (i.e., text, processing instructions, etc.) • Duplicates attributes

  36. 1 <?xml version = "1.0"?> 2 3 <!-- Fig. 12.12: copyIntro.xsl --> 4 <!-- xsl:copy example using Intro.xml --> 5 6 <xsl:stylesheet version = "1.0" 7 xmlns:xsl = "http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"> 8 9 <xsl:template match = "myMessage"> Apply templates to element’s child nodes Replace element content with text 10 11 <xsl:copy> 12 <xsl:apply-templates/> 13 </xsl:copy> 14 15 </xsl:template> 16 17 <xsl:template match = "message"> 18 19 <xsl:copy> 20 How about &apos;Hi World&apos; for a change! 21 </xsl:copy> 22 23 </xsl:template> 24 25 </xsl:stylesheet> Fig. 12.12 Using the XSLT element copy.Apply templates to element’s child nodesReplace element content with text

  37. 1 <?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8"?> 2 <myMessage> 3 <message> 4 How about 'Hi World' for a change! 5 </message> 6 </myMessage> Fig. 12.13 Resulting transformation.

  38. 1 <?xml version = "1.0"?> 2 3 <!-- Fig. 12.14 : usingCopyOf.xsl --> 4 <!-- xsl:copy-of example using intro.xml --> Create comment in resulting XML document 5 Duplicate nodes selected by attribute select into resulting XML document 6 <xsl:stylesheet version = "1.0" 7 xmlns:xsl = "http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"> 8 9 <xsl:template match = "myMessage"> 10 11 <xsl:comment> 12 The following XML tree has been copied into output. 13 </xsl:comment> 14 15 <xsl:copy-of select = "."/> 16 </xsl:template> 17 18 </xsl:stylesheet> Fig. 12.14 xsl:copy-ofelement.Create comment in resulting XML documentDuplicate nodes selected by attribute select into resulting XML document

  39. 1 <?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8"?> 2 <!-- The following XML tree has been copied into output. --> 3 <myMessage> 4 <message>Welcome to XSLT!</message> 5 </myMessage> Fig. 12.15 Output of the copy-of transformation.

  40. Combining Stylesheets • XSLT document can import others • Element import • local templates have higher precedence as included templates • The xsl:import element is only allowed as a top-level element • Element include • Included templates have same precedence as local templates • The inclusion works at the XML tree level. • The resource located by the href attribute value is parsed as an XML document <xsl:import  href = uri-reference /> <!-- Category: top-level-element --><xsl:include  href = uri-reference />

  41. 1 <?xml version = "1.0"?> 2 3 <!-- Fig. 12.16 : usage2.xsl --> 4 <!-- xsl:import example --> 5 6 <xsl:stylesheet version = "1.0" 7 xmlns:xsl = "http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"> 8 9 <xsl:template match = "book"> 10 <html> 11 12 <body> 13 <xsl:apply-templates/> 14 </body> 15 </html> 16 17 </xsl:template> 18 19 <xsl:template match = "title"> 20 <xsl:value-of select = "."/> 21 </xsl:template> 22 23 <xsl:template match = "author"> 24 <br/> 25 26 <p>Author: 27 <xsl:value-of select = "lastName"/>, 28 <xsl:value-of select = "firstName"/> 29 </p> Fig. 12.16 XSLT document being imported.

  42. 30 31 </xsl:template> 32 33 <xsl:template match = "*|text()"/> Template to match any text and leftover element nodes 34 35 </xsl:stylesheet> Fig. 12.16 XSLT document being imported (Part 2).Template to match any text and leftover element nodes

  43. 1 <?xml version = "1.0"?> 2 3 <!-- Fig. 12.17 : usage1.xsl --> 4 <!-- xsl:import example using usage.xml --> Use templates in usage2.xsl 5 Template for element title used instead of one defined in usage2.xsl 6 <xsl:stylesheet version = "1.0" 7 xmlns:xsl = "http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"> 8 9 <xsl:import href = "usage2.xsl"/> 10 11 <!-- This template has higher precedence over the 12 templates being imported --> 13 <xsl:template match = "title"> 14 15 <h2> 16 <xsl:value-of select = "."/> 17 </h2> 18 19 </xsl:template> 20 21 </xsl:stylesheet> Fig. 12.17 Importing another XSLT document.Use templates in usage2.xslTemplate for element title used instead of one defined in usage2.xsl

  44. 1 <html> 2 <body> 3 <h2>Deitel's XML Primer</h2> 4 <br> 5 <p> 6 Author: Deitel, Paul 7 </p> 8 </body> 9 </html> Fig. 12.18 Resulting HTML document using XSLT import.

  45. 1 <?xml version = "1.0"?> 2 3 <!-- Fig. 12.19 : book.xsl --> 4 <!-- xsl:include example using usage.xml --> 5 6 <xsl:stylesheet version = "1.0" 7 xmlns:xsl = "http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"> 8 9 <xsl:template match = "/"> Include author.xsl and chapters.xsl, but templates in stylesheets have same precedence as local templates 10 11 <html> 12 <body> 13 <xsl:apply-templates select = "book"/> 14 </body> 15 </html> 16 17 </xsl:template> 18 19 <xsl:template match = "book"> 20 21 <h2> 22 <xsl:value-of select = "title"/> 23 </h2> 24 25 <xsl:apply-templates/> 26 </xsl:template> 27 28 <xsl:include href = "author.xsl"/> 29 <xsl:include href = "chapters.xsl"/> 30 31 <xsl:template match = "*|text()"/> 32 33 </xsl:stylesheet> Fig. 12.19 Combining stylesheets using xsl:include.Include author.xsl and chapters.xsl, but templates in stylesheets have same precedence as local templates

  46. 1 <?xml version = "1.0"?> 2 3 <!-- Fig. 12.20 : author.xsl --> 4 <!-- xsl:include example using usage.xml --> 5 6 <xsl:stylesheet version = "1.0" 7 xmlns:xsl = "http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"> 8 9 <xsl:template match = "author"> 10 11 <p>Author: 12 <xsl:value-of select = "lastName"/>, 13 <xsl:value-of select = "firstName"/> 14 </p> 15 16 </xsl:template> 17 18 </xsl:stylesheet> Fig. 12.20 XSLT document for rendering the author’s name.

  47. 1 <?xml version = "1.0"?> 2 3 <!-- Fig. 12.21 : chapters.xsl --> 4 <!-- xsl:include example using usage.xml --> 5 6 <xsl:stylesheet version = "1.0" 7 xmlns:xsl = "http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"> 8 9 <xsl:template match = "chapters"> 10 Chapters: 11 12 <ul> 13 <xsl:apply-templates select = "chapter"/> 14 </ul> 15 </xsl:template> 16 17 <xsl:template match = "chapter"> 18 19 <li> 20 <xsl:value-of select = "."/> 21 </li> 22 23 </xsl:template> 24 25 </xsl:stylesheet> Fig. 12.21 XSLT document for rendering chapter names.

  48. 1 <html> 2 <body> 3 <h2>Deitel’s XML Primer</h2> 4 <p>Author: 5 Deitel, Paul</p> 6 7 Chapters: 8 <ul> 9 <li>Easy XML</li> 10 <li>XML Elements?</li> 11 </ul> 12 </body> 13 </html> Fig. 12.22 Output of an XSLT document using element include. Output from Fig. 12.22

  49. Variables and Parameters • Variables for processing information: variable andparameter • A variable is a name that may be bound to a value • The value of a variable is bound (the value of the variable) can be an object of any of the types that can be returned by expressions • The difference is that the value specified on the xsl:param variable is only a default value for the binding <!-- Category: top-level-element --><!-- Category: instruction --><xsl:variablename =qname  select = expression>  <!-- Content: template --></xsl:variable> <!-- Category: top-level-element --><xsl:paramname = qname  select = expression>  <!-- Content: template --></xsl:param>

  50. 1 <?xml version = "1.0"?> 2 3 <!-- Fig. 12.23 : variables.xsl --> 4 <!-- using xsl:variables --> Create element variable with attribute name to store number of pages in book 5 6 <xsl:stylesheet version = "1.0" 7 xmlns:xsl = "http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"> Element value-of uses dollar sign ($) to reference and output variable sum 8 9 <xsl:template match = "/"> 10 11 <total> 12 Number of pages = 13 <xsl:variable name = "sum" 14 select = "sum(book/chapters/*/@pages)"/> 15 <xsl:value-of select = "$sum"/> 16 </total> 17 18 </xsl:template> 19 20 </xsl:stylesheet> Fig. 12.23 Example for xsl:variable.Create element variable with attribute name to store number of pages in bookElement value-of uses dollar sign ($) to reference and output variable sum

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