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Effects of Commingling Ethanol Fuels with MTBE or Non-Oxygenated Fuels

Explore the effects of combining ethanol-containing gasoline with non-oxygenated fuels, leading to an increase in Reid Vapor Pressure and potential emissions. Get insights from the Sierra Research Inc. study sponsored by Background on mitigating measures for near and longer terms.

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Effects of Commingling Ethanol Fuels with MTBE or Non-Oxygenated Fuels

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  1. Effects of Commingling Ethanol Fuels with MTBE or Non-Oxygenated Fuels Prepared by Sierra Research Inc. Sponsored by the

  2. Background • The Commingling Effect • Non-linear increase in Reid Vapor Pressure (RVP) is observed when ethanol-containing gasoline is mixed with gasoline having no ethanol in vehicle fuel tanks. • Commingling can only be avoided if ethanol-containing gasoline is never mixed with non-ethanol gasoline.

  3. Case # 1 6.7 psi RVP Ethanol-Containing Fuels Ethanol at 2.0, 2.7, and 3.5 wt. % oxygen 6.7 psi RVP MTBE-Containing Fuels Future Situation in 2000 Case # 2 6.9 psi RVP Ethanol-Containing Fuels Ethanol at 2.0, 2.7, and 3.5 wt. % oxygen 6.5 psi RVP Non-Oxy Fuels Future Situation in 2005 if CA waived from federal oxygenate requirement Sierra Commingling Study

  4. Sacramento Valley Air Basin South Coast Air Basin RVP - Emissions Response

  5. 24 20 16 EMISSIONS % Increase in Emissions 12 8 4 0 0.4 RVP 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 0 20 40 60 80 100 Results - SCAB Effects Near Term - 2000 Longer Term - 2005 16 12 EMISSIONS 8 4 0 0.3 RVP 0.2 RVP Boost (psi) 0.1 0.0 0 20 40 60 80 100 Ethanol-Gas Market Share (%)

  6. 50 0.7 24 40 0.6 EMISSIONS EMISSIONS 16 30 0.5 % Increase in Emissions 20 8 0.4 10 0 0.3 -4 0.4 RVP 0 -8 RVP 0.3 0.2 -12 RVP Boost (psi) -16 0.2 0.1 -20 0.1 -24 -28 0.0 0.0 0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100 Results - SVAB Effects Near Term - 2000 Longer Term - 2005 Ethanol-Gas Market Share (%)

  7. SCAB Impact Comparison

  8. SCAB Impact Comparison - 2005

  9. SVAB Impact Comparison

  10. SVAB Impact Comparison - 2005

  11. Conclusions • Fuel RVP will increase as a result of commingling unless there is no ethanol used in gasoline or all gasoline contains ethanol. • Increased evaporative emissions resulting from commingling may occur (and may have already occurred) prior to the effective date of CaRFG3, December 31, 2002.

  12. Near-Term Solution (2000–02) • An orderly transition to ethanol use is needed. Options are: • Adopt an Ethanol Control Period wherein ethanol use is banned during the summer months; or • Require that all gasoline contain ethanol.

  13. Near-Term Solution (2000–02) • This solution could be implemented on a geographical basis; e.g., in Northern California, use only fuels with ethanol, and in Southern California, use only fuels without ethanol.

  14. Longer-Term Solution (2003+) • In the longer term, CARB needs to complete promised studies on commingling and take appropriate regulatory action to address the issue.

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