1 / 59

Splash Screen

Splash Screen. CHAPTER FOCUS SECTION 1 Philip II of Macedonia SECTION 2 Alexander the Great CHAPTER SUMMARY & STUDY GUIDE CHAPTER ASSESSMENT. Click a hyperlink to go to the corresponding section. Press the ESC key at any time to exit the presentation. Contents. Overview.

ramla
Download Presentation

Splash Screen

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Splash Screen

  2. CHAPTER FOCUS SECTION 1Philip II of Macedonia SECTION 2Alexander the Great CHAPTER SUMMARY & STUDY GUIDE CHAPTER ASSESSMENT Click a hyperlink to go to the corresponding section.Press the ESC key at any time to exit the presentation. Contents

  3. Overview • Chapter 12 describes the accomplishments of Philip of Macedonia and Alexander the Great in spreading Greek civilization.  • Section 1 analyzes the political and military strategies that enabled Philip to conquer the Greek city-states.  • Section 2 describes the personality, military conquests, and political objectives of Alexander the Great. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. The Chapter Focus is on page 193 of your textbook. Chapter Focus 1

  4. Objectives After studying this chapter, you will be able to: • summarize how the spread of Greek culture influenced people from Gibraltar to India.  • explain how Philip II of Macedonia gained control of Greece.  • discuss how Alexander tried to unify his empire.  • describe how Alexander’s empire changed after his death. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. The Chapter Focus is on page 193 of your textbook. Chapter Focus 2

  5. Read to Discover • How the spread of Greek culture influenced people from Gibraltar to India  • How Philip II of Macedonia gained control of Greece  • How Alexander attempted to bring unity to his empire  • How Alexander’s empire changed after his death Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. The Chapter Focus is on page 193 of your textbook. Chapter Focus 3

  6. Terms to Learn People to Know • hostage  • Philip of Macedonia  • phalanx  • alliances  • orator  • barbaroi  • factories  • emigrated  • Demosthenes  • Alexander the Great  Places to Locate • Macedonia  • Persia  • Alexandria Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Click the Speaker On button to listen to the words. Chapter Focus 4

  7. Why It’s Important After the Greek city-states lost their independence, many changes took place. The new rulers of Greece built empires and increased trade. At the same time, they spread Greek culture and customs. Before long, Greek ideas were influencing people from Gibraltar to India. The Greek language came to be spoken by many people. Greek architecture was copied for new buildings. Students studied Greek literature in school. People used Greek furniture in their homes. Greek plays became a popular form of entertainment. Business people took up Greek ways of banking. The period in which all this took place has come to be called the Hellenistic Age. The term “Hellenistic” means “like the Hellenes, or the Greeks.” Click the Speaker On button to replay audio. Chapter Focus 5

  8. End of Chapter Focus

  9. Philip II of Macedonia • By 338 B.C. Greece had a new ruler, Philip IIofMacedonia.  • Philip became ruler of Macedonia in 359 B.C.  • In his youth he was held hostage–a person held by an enemy until certain promises are carried out–for three years in Thebes. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1 begins on page 193 of your textbook. Section 1-1

  10. Philip II of Macedonia (cont.) • Phillip learned…  • to love Greek culture.  • to dislike the weaknesses of the Greek form of government.  • It took him a little more than 20 years to reach his goal of unifying the Greek city-states.  • He changed the Macedonian army from part-time volunteers to a year-round, well-organized group of professionals. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-2

  11. Philip II of Macedonia (cont.) • Phillip developed an infantry formation called a phalanx, a solid body formed by foot soldiers 16 rows deep.  • He armed his soldiers with spears that were twice as long as most, and trained some with slingshots and bows and arrows.  • He flattered Greek officials and provoked disagreements among the Greek city-states.  • When the city-states were weak from fighting each other, his army conquered them.  • He used marriage as a way of forming political alliances, or partnerships. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-3

  12. Philip II of Macedonia (cont.) • Demosthenes, an Athenian orator, or public speaker, tried unsuccessfully to warn the Greeks that Philip was dangerous.  • Thebes and Athens tried to stop Philip’s invasion into central Greece in 338 B.C. • The Greek army was defeated at the Battle of Chaeronea.  • Philip was killed in 336 B.C. while preparing for a military campaign against Persia.  • His son, Alexander, took over the throne. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-4

  13. Section Assessment Why was Philip able to defeat the Greek city-states? Philip defeated the Greek city-states by encouraging them to fight each other until they became weak and disunited, and because the Greek army was small. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Section 1-Assessment 1

  14. Section Assessment (cont.) Who was Demosthenes? Demosthenes was an Athenian statesman and orator who warned the Greeks about Philip II. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Section 1-Assessment 2

  15. Section Assessment (cont.) Making InferencesHow do you think a Greek citizen living under the rule of Philip II would describe him as a ruler? Answers will vary. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Section 1-Assessment 3

  16. Section Assessment (cont.) Use a web like the one on page 195 of your textbook to list the achievements of Philip II. Your web may include:– created professional army– developed phalanx– armed soldiers with longer spears– trained soldiers with slingshots and bows and arrows– conquered Greek city-states– unified Greece Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Section 1-Assessment 4

  17. End of Section 1

  18. Alexander the Great • Alexander, an army commander since age 16, took over Philip’s throne at age 20.  • He had studied literature, political science, geography, and biology with Aristotle for three years.  • Because of this, Alexander included philosophers and scientists in his army.  • He crushed the Persian Empire and marched as far east as northern India without ever losing a battle. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2 begins on page 195 of your textbook. Section 2-1

  19. Alexander’s Empire • Alexander believed that his dream of a world-wide state of peace could only be achieved by uniting the Macedonians, the Greeks, and the Persians.  • He married a Persian woman and encouraged his officers to do the same.  • When he claimed to be a god, the Macedonians and Greeks refused to treat him as such. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-2

  20. Alexander’s Empire (cont.) • The Greeks objected to equal treatment for Persians and looked down on people who did not speak Greek or follow Greek customs.  • They called such people barbaroi, from which the word “barbarians” comes.  • Alexander’s attempt to achieve unity among the people in his empire was not successful. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-3

  21. Alexandria • Alexander founded about 70 cities, 16 of which were named Alexandria after himself. • The most important of these cities was Alexandria in Egypt.  • It quickly became a center of trade and learning.  • The city had two great harbors dominated by a lighthouse 400 feet tall.  • The library at Alexandria held the largest collection of books in ancient times. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-4

  22. End of the Empire • In 323 B.C. Alexander became ill and died at the age of 33. • After his death, fighting broke out over who was to rule the empire.  • The areas in India returned to their original rulers. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-5

  23. End of the Empire (cont.) • Three of Alexander’s generals divided the rest of the empire among themselves. • Antigonus became king of Macedonia.  • Ptolemy established the dynasty of the Ptolemies in Egypt.  • Seleucus formed the Seleucid Empire in Persia.  • Athens and Sparta again became independent, while other city-states banded together into one of two leagues. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-6

  24. End of the Empire (cont.) • Greek cultural influence, however, became stronger than ever.  • The cities that had been part of Alexander’s empire now existed chiefly for trade.  • City officials made their law, language, calendar, culture, customs, and coins Greek.  • The Greek city-states regained their political independence, but could not gain back the power of the past. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-7

  25. End of the Empire (cont.) • Great factories, or places where goods are made, had been built in the new Hellenistic cities.  • Greek manufacturers could not compete with these factories.  • Many young Greeks emigrated, or left one place to settle in another.  • By 146 B.C., most of the Greek city-states were under Roman control. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-8

  26. Section Assessment Who was Alexander the Great? Alexander the Great was an emperor who spread Greek culture. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Section 2-Assessment 1

  27. Section Assessment (cont.) What conquests did Alexander make? Alexander united the Macedonians, the Greeks, and the Persians. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Section 2-Assessment 2

  28. Section Assessment (cont.) How did Greek influence continue to grow and spread after Alexander’s death? Later rulers adopted the Greek language, titles, law, language, calendar, and coins; teachers used Greek ideas in schools; and merchants used Greek methods. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Section 2-Assessment 3

  29. Section Assessment (cont.) How successful would Alexander’s dream of uniting the world in peace be today? Explain. Answers will vary. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Section 2-Assessment 4

  30. Section Assessment (cont.) Draw a time line like the one on page 200 of your textbook, and use it to show the major events in the life of Alexander the Great. Your time line may include:– studies with Aristotle– comes to throne (age 20)– builds empire– builds 70 cities– dies (age 33) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Section 2-Assessment 5

  31. End of Section 2

  32. Chapter Summary & Study Guide • Philip II believed it was his destiny to unify the Greek city-states and spread Greek culture.  • Philip II was able to conquer Greece in 338 B.C.  • When Philip II died in 336 B.C., his son Alexander took over power.  • Alexander was a great general whose conquests stretched from the Nile to the Indus. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Chapter Summary 1

  33. Chapter Summary & Study Guide (cont.) • Alexander tried without success to unite the Macedonians, the Greeks, and the Persians.  • The most famous city founded by Alexander was Alexandria, Egypt.  • After Alexander died in 323 B.C., his empire was divided among three of his generals.  • Despite Alexander’s death, Greek cultural influence became stronger. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Chapter Summary 2

  34. Chapter Summary & Study Guide (cont.) • Although the Greek city-states again became independent following Alexander’s death, economic conditions in Greece grew worse.  • Most Greek city-states were under Roman control by 146 B.C. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Chapter Summary 3

  35. End of Chapter Summary

  36. Understanding the Main Idea What changes did Philip II make in his army? Philip armed a professional army with long spears, slingshots, and bows and arrows. He also developed the phalanx. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Chapter Assessment 1

  37. Understanding the Main Idea How did Philip II view marriage? Philip viewed marriage as a way to form political alliances. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Chapter Assessment 2

  38. Understanding the Main Idea Why did the Greeks refuse to listen to Demosthenes’ warnings? The Greeks were unhappy with their local governments. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Chapter Assessment 3

  39. Understanding the Main Idea What did Aristotle teach Alexander? Aristotle taught Alexander literature, political science, geography, and biology. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Chapter Assessment 4

  40. Understanding the Main Idea Why was Alexander unable to achieve unity among the people of his empire? They refused to treat Alexander as a god; Greeks looked down on all non-Greeks. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Chapter Assessment 5

  41. Understanding the Main Idea Why did many Greeks go to Alexandria, Egypt? Alexandria offered economic opportunities and intellectual and social life. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Chapter Assessment 6

  42. Understanding the Main Idea How did the physical features of Alexandria, Egypt, help trade? Alexandria had two great harbors that were protected by breakwaters. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Chapter Assessment 7

  43. Understanding the Main Idea What happened to the Greek city-states by 146 B.C.? The Greek city-states fell under Roman control. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Chapter Assessment 8

  44. Critical Thinking Why do you think many people did not listen to Demosthenes’ warnings? Explain your answer. Answers will vary but should include the powers of crowd mentality. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Chapter Assessment 9

  45. Critical Thinking What other names might historians have given Alexander besides “the Great”? Answers will vary but could include aspects of Alexander’s character. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Chapter Assessment 10

  46. Critical Thinking What do you think Alexander could have done differently to achieve unity among the peoples of his empire? Answers will vary but you might say Alexander should not have tried to force a new way of life on the people. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Chapter Assessment 11

  47. Critical Thinking In what ways can customs be spread without conquest? Answers will vary but might include through trade, learning, traveling missionaries and merchants, marriage, and alliances. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Chapter Assessment 12

  48. Geography in History Human/environmental Interaction What geographical features had an impact on the Greek economy? Note especially the development of manufacturing over farming and the Greeks’ constant travel and trade. Answers will vary but should include the accessibility of the sea for trade and for obtaining raw materials, lack of good farmland, and mountains. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Chapter Assessment 13

  49. Alexander was a very practical, clear-thinking leader. If he were to write a handbook of rules on how to organize an army, what do you think would be the first three suggestions in his book? Chapter Assessment 14

  50. End of Chapter Assessment

More Related