Exploring the West

1. Exploring the West Unit 5 – Chapter 11 – Lesson 1 Pages 426 - 432

2. Objectives • Describe how early pioneers met the challenges of frontier life. • Explain why President Jefferson agreed to buy Louisiana. • Describe the expedition to explore the lands of the Louisiana Purchase.

3. Vocabulary • Gap – a low place between mountains • Pioneer – an early settler of an area • Consequence – result of a specific action

4. Content Focus • In the 1700s and 1800s, many immigrants came to the United States. Some crossed over the Cumberland Gap to settle the frontier.

5. Immigrants and Pioneers • 1700 – 1800s – Many immigrants • England • Ireland • Scotland • Germany

6. WHY? • Escape hard times • Escape war • Escape religious persecution • Wanted money and land

7. HOW? • Ships would land at major ports along Atlantic coast • New York – popular port for immigrants

8. WHERE? • Many wanted to go to frontier • WEST!

9. PROBLEM? • Appalachians • Large barrier that prevented easy westward movement

10. The Cumberland Gap • Today located where TN, VA, KY meet • Native Americans had a trail over the Appalachians through the gap.

11. Daniel Boone • Best known PIONEER to cross Appalachian • Hired to widen the gap • Built “The Wilderness Road” • Becomes main route to WEST • 1792 – KY 15th state • 1st state west of Appalachians

13. Why was Wilderness Road important? • It helped pioneers cross the Appalachian mountains – opening up the West.

14. Many Americans searched for a _____ to pass through Appalachian Mountains. • GAP

15. What was the first state West of the Appalachians? • Kentucky

16. Hardships • The Wilderness Road was difficult • No stores • Bring ALL supplies • Many wanted to go anyway • Why? East is over populated. Land west is cheaper and more available.

17. New States

18. State of Franklin • Dispute in North Carolina • 3 counties in west create own state • John Sevier – elected governor • N.C. soon took back control.

19. Tennessee (TN) • 1796 – 16th state • Sevier elected governor • Name comes from TANSAI = Cherokee Village • Admitted to Union

20. Ohio • 1803 – 17th state • Many settlers move in along the Ohio River area • 45,000 people live there

21. Who was the first governor of Tennessee? • John Seiver

22. Because more people moved west. . . The effect is many new states are formed. Cause & Effect

23. The Louisiana Purchase

24. Thomas Jefferson • 1801 – 3rd President • Goal = Expand Borders • Problem-U.S. no ports on Gulf of Mexico • Port of Orleans – owned by Spanish (remember French/Indian War?)

25. Big Purchase! • 1801 – Spain gives France Louisiana back • U.S. Fear  France would build settlements and prevent Americans from moving west • Napoleon Bonaparte –Leader of France

26. Jefferson takes action • President Jefferson send officials to France • Request – U.S. wants to purchase New Orleans and Western Florida • This is just a small portion of Louisiana

27. France has problems! • Going to war with Britian • Short on money • Napoleon offers to sell ALL of Louisiana (800,000 square miles) for only $15 million

28. SOLD! • April 30, 1803 the purchase is finalized • The Louisiana Purchase doubled the size of the U.S.

30. Why did France agree to sell Louisiana? • They needed money to fight a war against Britian

31. What agreement was made by Jefferson that doubled the size of the U.S.? • The Louisiana Purchase

32. Discovery

33. Lewis & Clark • Jefferson hires his friend Meriwether Lewis to led an expedition • Lewis asks his friend William Clark to come • Clark’s job = keep records & make maps • Jefferson’s task  Find most direct water route across continent

35. Corps of Discovery • Team of 40 • Called Corps of Discovery • York – slave owned by Clark is also on team • May 1804 – Leave St. Louis, MO • Travel by boat up Missouri River • Drew maps, gathered plants & animals

36. October • Stop for winter • Today North Dakota • Fort Mandan (Indian Village) • Hire French fur trader and Shoshone Indian wife, Sacagawea as guides

37. Spring 1805 • Continue up Missouri river • Reach the Rocky Mountains • Used horses to cross • After, built boats • Clearwater, Snake, and Columbia River

38. Success! • November 1805 • Reach the Pacific Ocean • 3,000 miles • 1 ½ years

40. Winter • Spent at Fort Clatsop • Now in Oregon • March 1806 – head back • September arrive in St. Louis, MO

42. Benefits • MAPS  show mountain passes & major rivers • Brought back seeds, plants, and animals • The work done by Corps of Discovery added to the knowledge Americans had about the lands that became the WEST.

43. Pike Explores • Zebulon Pike – 1806 • SW area of purchase • Saw “Blue Mountain” • Now in Colorado – named Pikes Peak

44. Pike Problem • Strayed into Spanish territory • Arrested • After release – spread word of Spanish need for manufactured goods • Many traveled to SW to sell goods to Spanish

46. How did Louisiana Purchase affect the U.S.? • Doubled size • Extended border to Rocky Mountains • Led to exploration

47. What obstacle did Lewis & Clark find in their direct water route? • Rocky mountains

48. The End