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Goal 4.01: The Unity and Diversity

Goal 4.01: The Unity and Diversity. Roots: Di = two Pro = before Uni = one Multi = many Proto = first Pseudo = false Con = together In = not/without Septum = fold/division Arthro = jointed. Append = to join Exo = outer Morph = shape Ecto = outside Dorm = sleep

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Goal 4.01: The Unity and Diversity

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  1. Goal 4.01: The Unity and Diversity Roots: Di = two Pro = before Uni = one Multi = many Proto = first Pseudo = false Con = together In = not/without Septum = fold/division Arthro = jointed Append = to join Exo = outer Morph = shape Ecto = outside Dorm = sleep Gymno = naked Angio = flower

  2. Lesson 24: Classification Systems Classification = systematic grouping of organisms based on common characteristics Taxonomist = scientists who study how to classify organisms. http://www.simpletruths.tv/store/videos/EENPvideo.html

  3. Linneaus… Developed the binomial nomenclature (named for Genus species) system: DomainKingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus species (Did King Phillip Come Over For Good spaghetti?) Aristotle… developed earliest classification system

  4. DOMAINS AND KINGDOMS Guess which belongs to which!

  5. Where does it belong?

  6. Lesson 25: Classifying Using Keys Dichotomous Key = uses pairs of statements/questions Steps for using a dichotomous key: Observe organism. Select one option from a set of two descriptive statements. Go to the next set of statements as directed depending on your answer to the previous set. Continue in this manner until you reach the identification name of the organism. Dichotomous Key Activity http://www.lnhs.org/hayhurst/ips/dichot/

  7. Classification Level Keys = compare organisms according to their levels of classification. Organism DOMAIN EUKARYAEUKARYAEUKARYA KINGDOM ANIMALANIMAL PLANT PHYLUM CHORDATE ARTHROPOD MAGNOLIOPHYTE CLASS MAMMAL INSECT MAGNOLIOPSID ORDER PRIMATE ODONATE ASTERALE FAMILY HOMINID AESHNIDAE ASTERACEAE GENUSHOMO AESHNA HELIANTHUS speciessapienseremitaagrestus Which two organisms are most closely related?

  8. L24-L25 QUIZ CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANISMS 13.-20. List in order the classification of humans. Word bank: Animaliasapiens Homo Chordate Hominid Primate Eukarya Mammal • Which is more closely related to humans? • a. An insect • b. A plant • c. A reptile 1. The systematic grouping of organisms based on common characteristics is called a. Taxonomy b. Classification c. Systematics 12. A key that compares organisms according to their levels of classification is called a a. taxonomic key b. classification levels key c. dichotomous key 4. Which of the following is the correct order of classification? a. Kingdom, Class, Phylum, Order, Family, Genus, species b. Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, species c. Kingdom, Order, Class, Phylum, Family, Genus, species 2. Scientists who study how to classify organisms are called a. Taxonomists b. Classificationists c. Systematists 3. Who developed the earliest classification system? a. Linneaus b. Aristotle c. Darwin 11. A key that uses a system of asking two questions at a time to lead the user to identify a specific organism is called a a. taxonomic key b. classification levels key c. dichotomous key Word bank: Animalia Plantae Protozoa Eubacteria Protista Fungi

  9. Life Functions of Bacteria All bacteria are unicellular. • Capsule, Cell wall & Membrane. • One long circular DNA • Plasmids = small circular DNA • Flagellum on some. • NO Nucleus. • Ribosomes Plasmid

  10. Shapes of Bacteria: • coccus • spirillum • bacillus www.ynet.co.il biology.touchspin.com www.madrimasd.org

  11. BINARY FISSION = asexual reproduction of bacteria

  12. CONJUGATION= sexual reproduction of bacteria Pili are extended and link. Bacteria are pulled together and fuse. Plasmid DNA is replicated. Copy of Plasmid DNA is transferred to recipient bacteria. Recipient

  13. Lesson 26: Life Functions in Protists CONJUGATION • Protozoans = animal-like • flagellates = use flagella • amoebas = use pseudopods • ciliates = use cilia • two nuclei (macro and micro) • conjugation = swapping genes

  14. Protozoans = animal-like sporozoans = reproduce with spores MALARIA spores spores spores

  15. Algae = plant-like • diatoms = silicon • dinoflagellates = use flagella • euglenoids = use flagella and have chloroplasts • red algae = live deep ocean dangerous algal blooms • brown algae = seaweed • green algae = chloroplasts, alternation of generations DIATOMS Alternation of Generations Sexual flagellum Asexual chloroplast Alternates between diploid and haploid.

  16. Bacteria (11:06) http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=3500E1AE-5D3A-4F0C-A14C-162B698EF6E6&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US • Molds = fungus-like • slime molds = colorful blobs • water molds = tiny threads Protista and Fungi (20:00) http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=11289F0B-4605-4523-8CFC-F04D79F7750F&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US

  17. L26 QUIZ BACTERIA AND PROTOZOA Place the following steps of bacterial conjugation in the correct sequence. Bacteria are pulled together and fuse. Copy of Plasmid DNA is transferred to recipient bacteria. C. Pili are extended and link. D. Plasmid DNA is replicated. 10a. What do we call the sexual reproduction of bacteria? a. Conjugation b. Binary fission c. Duplication • Mark the following as TRUE or FALSE. • 16. Diatoms are made of silicon. • 17. Dinoflagellates use flagella. • 18. Euglenoids use flagella and have mitochondria. • 19. Red algae live deep ocean and produce dangerous algal blooms. • 20. Brown algae is also called seaweed. • 21. Green algae has chloroplasts and alternation of generations. Which of the following is NOT true of protozoans? a. Ciliates have two nuclei. b. Sporozoan gametes are called spores. c. Malaria is a sporozoan that is transferred by mosquitoes. • Which of the following is NOT true of protozoan locomotion? • a. Flagellates use flagella. • b. Cilliates use cilia. • c. Amoebas use amoebia. 12. Which of the following is NOT true of Protozoans? a. Protozoans are unicellular. b. Protozoans are animal-like organisms. c. All protozoans have flagella. d. Some protozoans reproduce sexually. Which of the following would you most likely find in a damp basement? a. Slime mold b. Water mold What is the asexual reproduction of bacteria called? a. Conjugation b. Binary fission c. Duplication Matching: Coccus a. Rod-shaped Spirillum b. Spherical Bacillus c. Spiral • List all of the following that are characteristics of bacteria. • Cell wall but no membrane. • One long circular DNA. • Plasmids = small circular DNA. • Flagellum on some. • NO Nucleus. • Ribosomes are present. • All are multicellular. What does Alternation of Generations mean? a. An organism spends part of its life in a haploid state and part in a diploid state. b. An organism spends part of its life as a spore and part as a seed. c. An organism spends part of its life as a flower and part as a plant. • 2-8. Match the labeled bacterial cell structures to the words below. • a. Pili • b. Flagellum • c. Cell membrane • Ribosomes • Capsule • Cell wall • Cytoplasm 11. What is the primary difference between bacterial conjugation and bacterial binary fission? a. Conjugation is asexual and binary fission is sexual. b. Conjugation is sexual and binary fission is asexual. c. Conjugation transfers DNA and binary fission transfers RNA. d. Conjugation transfers RNA and binary fission transfers DNA. 2. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3.

  18. Lesson 27: Life Functions in Annelid Worms Invertebrate = no backbone Septa = walls that separate body into segments Closed circulatory system = “blood” runs through vessels Movement = alternately contracting muscles Earthworm Movement http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=F46DA587-8F6E-4D48-94C5-CE5A7B2F63E5&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US Oligochaetes = earthworms Leeches = parasites Polychaetes = oceanic

  19. Lesson 28: Life Functions of Insects (all legs are attached to the thorax) Exoskeleton = outside skeleton Mouthparts = sucking, biting Sensory = antennae, compound eyes, chemical receptorsCirculation = open circulatory system http://videos.howstuffworks.com/howstuffworks/384-how-bees-work-video.htm http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/6133-incredible-insects-bees-video.htm

  20. COMPLETE Metamorphosis = egg – larva – pupa – adult

  21. INCOMPLETE Metamorphosis = egg – nymph– adult Metamorphosis http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=89CB6B53-4AAE-4F1C-BBA3-E1B133B7A3D4&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US

  22. Lesson 29: Life Functions in Amphibians Metamorphosis = egg – larva - adult • Lungs • 3-chambered heart • 2 loops for blood • Ectothermic = cold-blooded • Dormant in winter or drought • Anura = frogs/toads • Caudata = salamanders • Caecilians = snake-like

  23. Frog from fertilized cell to tadpole

  24. Frog development video

  25. About Reptiles • Dry scaly skin. • Cold-blooded. • Some lay eggs, other have live births. www.furiouscylon.com blog.desertcanyonreptiles.com Reptiles and Amphibians (43:31) http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=9AF59819-F781-462B-822B-8FDA4BEB534D&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US pricklypalace.com

  26. L27-L29 QUIZ Annelid Worms, Insects, and Reptiles/Amphibians • Which of the following represents the life cycle of an amphibian? • a. Egg, larva, pupa, adult • b. Egg, larva, adult • c. Egg, nymph, adult • d. Egg, larva, tadpole, adult True or False: In an insect all of the legs are attached to the abdomen. Insects have a closed circulatory system. Insects have an exoskeleton and therefore do not have a backbone. Insects have compound eyes that are made of multiple visual parts. • True or False: • Amphibians have a closed circulatory system. • Adult amphibians’ respiratory system includes lungs. • Amphibians are ectothermic, meaning they warm their bodies using outside sources. • In a drought, amphibians will hibernate. Matching: List all that apply. Snake-like amphibians a. Anura Slimy skin b. Caudata Salamanders c. Caecilians Toads/frogs d. Reptiles Scaly skin Lay eggs Ectothermic Endothermic Matching: 5. Oligochaetes a. Oceanic annelid worms 6. Polychaetes b. Parasites 7. Leeches c. Earthworms True or False: 1. Invertebrates have no backbone. 2. Walls that separate an earthworm’s body into segments are called septa. 3. Annelid worms have an open circulatory system. 4. Annelid worms move by alternately contracting muscles. Label the illustration using the following words: Pupa Larvae Adult Egg Incomplete metamorphosis Complete metamorphosis Label the illustration using the following words: Legs Thorax Mouthparts Head Antennae Abdomen Wings 19. 9. 8. 10. 11. 14. 23. 22. 20. 13. 12. 21.

  27. Life Functions in Fish Lateral Line System = sensory line that runs along the sides of fish allowing them to sense when other organisms are nearby. Lateral Line System bioweb.uwlax.edu bss.sfsu.edu www.2kiwis.co.uk

  28. Lesson 30: Life Functions in Mammals Mammary glands = specialized glands that produce milk for young. Diaphragm = large muscle at bottom of ribs that forces air into and out of the lungs.

  29. Lesson 30: Life Functions in Mammals Endotherms(make our own heat) 4-Chambered Heart Movement Closed Circulatory System(blood is in vessels) BRAIN http://www.pbs.org/wnet/brain/3d/

  30. Lesson 30: Life Functions in Mammals REPRODUCTION: Umbilical Cord = connection between baby and mother through which nutrients, oxygen and wastes are exchanged. Placenta = sac that the baby is in Marsupials = early development of baby in a pouch Monotremes = mammals that layeggs Miniature horse foaling http://www.bitoblue.com/video.html

  31. Lesson 30: Life Functions in Mammals Human Embryos www.sciencemuseum.org.uk Embryo Fetus mhhe.com octopusmom.wordpress.com www.digitaljournal.com www.odec.ca

  32. Human Fetuses missinglink.ucsf.edu www.prolifeforum.org www.sideshowworld.com moniquemonicat.files.wordpress.com

  33. Lesson 31: Life Functions in Plants NonVascular Plants: Mosses, Liverworts, and Hornworts Vascular Plants: All other plants Liverworts Hornworts Mosses

  34. Lesson 31: Life Functions in Plants Gametophyte Sporophyte

  35. Lesson 31: Life Functions in Plants Angiosperms – flower plants Male/Pollen Female/Ovule Gymnosperms – cone plants

  36. Lesson 31: Life Functions in Plants Pollination = when the pollen falls into the female part of the plant. Fertilization = when the sperm and egg are united to form a zygote. Seed Plants – Angiosperms and Gymnosperms http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=481451C7-6051-4E46-9564-A6C08F3FC552&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US

  37. Lesson 31: Life Functions in Plants

  38. Cotyledon = seed leaf; provides nutrients for young growth Monocotyledon = One seed leaf Dicotyledon = Two seed leaves

  39. Plant Movement? Sure! Tropism = responses of plants to external stimuli Gravitropism = movement of plants in response to gravity. Roots growing downward www.clubkayak.com

  40. Plant Movement? Sure! Sunflowers following the sun Phototropism = movement of plants in response to light. iprojectideas.blogspot.com pixalo.com

  41. Plant Movement? Sure! Vines climbing a tree Thigmotropism = movement of plants in response to touch. farm1.static.flickr.com

  42. L30-L31 QUIZ Mammals and Plants • Which of the following is true of mammals? • Mammals feed their young with regurgitated foods. • Mammals feed their young with mammary glands. • Mammals do not feed their young, the young forage for food themselves. • Mammals breathe with a muscle called the • Lungs • Diaphragm • Abdomen True or False: 3. Mammals have a 3-chambered heart like amphibians. 4. Mammals are mobile. 5. Mammals are endothermic. True or False: 6. Mammal fetuses are receive nutrients, oxygen and remove waste through a structure called the umbilical cord. 7. Mammal fetuses are enclosed in a protective sack called the placenta. 8. In Monotremes, early development occurs in a pouch following actual birth. 9. Marsupials are mammals that lay eggs. • Which of the following are vascular plants? • Liverworts • Hornworts • Tomato plants • Mosses Matching: a. Pollination b. Fertilization Transfer of pollen from one angiosperm to another. When pollen and ovule join to create the zygote. • Which of the following is not true of non-vascular plants? • They exhibit alternation of generations. • They live part of their lives as diploid organisms and part as haploid organisms. • They produce sporophytes and gametophytes. • They produce seeds and flowering parts. • Which of the following is not an angiosperm? • Dogwood tree • Rose bush • Christmas tree • Tomato plant

  43. Use the following list of terms to identify the parts of the flower below. Anther Sepal Petal Stamen Ovary Filament Style Stigma Peduncle Carpel • The sensory organ in fish that allows them to remain in a large group, turning and moving together without bumping into each other is called the… • Dorsal fin • Lateral fin • Ventral line • Lateral line • Which of the following best describes a dicot? • A vascular plant in which the seed has only one cotyledon. • A vascular plant in which the seed has two cotyledons. • A nonvascular plant in which the spores have only one cotyledon. • A nonvascular plant in which the spores have two cotyledons. 15. 23. 16. 17. 24. Study for a Quiz on Flower Structures 22. 19. 18. 20. 21.

  44. Lesson 32: Adaptations Plant Adaptations Animal Adaptations Stems are adapted to hold water. Leaves are broadened to catch more sunlight. Vascular tissue allows plant to live on land. Shoots allow plants to grow toward more sun. Roots allow plants to remain in place. Some animals adapted speed to catch food. Some animals produce toxins to keep predators from eating them. Flowers are adapted to catch dinner! Why do plants and animals need adaptations? To survive! Camouflage = blending in Mimicry = copying something that increases chances of survival. Camouflage = ability to hide by blending into the surroundings. Moth wings have fake “eyes” to scare off predators. Bats use sound waves to move in the dark and catch dinner! Jellyfish sting and paralyze their prey.

  45. Coevolution = when two species develop adaptations as a response to each other.

  46. Mimicry = adaptation that enables some animals to look like more dangerous animals. Red and Yellow, kill a fellow. Red and Black, take it back.

  47. Snake Fun! Is it safe?

  48. Camouflage = ability to blend in with their surroundings Flash: Exploring the Diversity of Life: Not What They Seem [10:00]

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