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Turkish Empires Rise in Anatolia

Turkish Empires Rise in Anatolia. Chapter 11 Section 3. Key Terms. Seljuk Vizier Malik Shah. Main Idea. Turkish people converted to Islam and founded new empires that would renew Muslim civilization. Why It Matters Now.

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Turkish Empires Rise in Anatolia

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  1. Turkish Empires Rise in Anatolia Chapter 11 Section 3

  2. Key Terms Seljuk Vizier Malik Shah

  3. Main Idea Turkish people converted to Islam and founded new empires that would renew Muslim civilization.

  4. Why It Matters Now In the 20th century, the collapse of the Turkish empire left ethnic and religious hostilities that still affect the world.

  5. Rise of the Turks • Abbasids: Muslim Empire that controlled Asia Minor (Or Turkey, or Anatolia) • Abbasids lose power • Spain Breaks Away 756 • Morocco Breaks Away 788 • Tunisia Breaks Away 800 • Persia Breaks Away 809 • Egypt Breaks Away 868 • 945 Persian armies move into Baghdad and ends Abbasids Control

  6. The Conquering Seljuks • 1300 BC Chinese records of Tu-Kiu (Believed to be name for Turks) • Turks were nomads and herders • Abbasids bought Turkish children to train as soldiers • Mamelukes” Turkish Military Slaves • One obedient slave is better than 300 sons

  7. The Conquering Seljuks • 10 century, Turks began convert to Islam and migrating to the Abbasid Empire • Seljuks capture Baghdad from the Persians in 1055 • 20 years later attack Byzantine Empire • Seljuks occupy Anatolia from the Byzantine Empire • Putting them Close to Constantinople

  8. The Turks Secure Persian Support • Seljuk Rulers wanted support of Persian leaders • Toghril Beg (Seljuk Ruler) chose the Persian City of Isfahan as the Capital of the Seljuk Dynasty • The fair treatment made Persians loyal to the Seljuks • Persians were even chosen as Viziers • Vizier- prime minister • Malik Shah- most important Seljuk sultan

  9. Turks Secure Persian Support • Turks admired Persian Learning b/c they (Turks) were illiterate • Persia influence on Turks • Supports their learning of Islam • Adopted Persian language • Rulers called shah (Persian word for King) • Appointed Persians to government offices

  10. The Turks Secure Persian Support • Seljuk shahs supported Persian Artists • beautified Isfahan • Built mosques

  11. Seljuks Confront Crusaders and Mongols • Malik Shah last strong Seljuk leader, died 1092 • West launches attack on Turks and Muslims for the Holy Land (Crusades) • The Crusades- series of military campaigns over the Holy Land

  12. The Seljuks and the Crusades • Pope Urban II launched Crusades I 1095 • Wanted Christians to drive Turks out of Anatolia • Wanted Christians to Recover Jerusalem from Muslim Rule • 1099 • Crusaders Capture Jerusalem • Massacred Jews and Muslims • Establish Latin Christian Kingdom

  13. The Seljuks and the Crusades • Muslims recover Jerusalem in 1187 • King Richard and Saladin sign a truce • Jerusalem is Muslim • Western pilgrims have access to Christian holy places • Further Crusades are called for but have no effect on Turks. • New Threat: Mongols

  14. Seljuks Face the Mongols • 1200 unified under Genghis Khan • Slaughtered whole populations • 1258 Genghis’s grandson (Hulagu) leads troops to Baghdad

  15. Seljuks Face the Mongols • Hulagu Burned the Caliph’s Palace • Caliph: ruler of Muslim Community • Killed tens of thousands • Mongols do not believe in spilling of sacred blood • Abbasid caliph wrapped in a carpet and trampled by horses • Mongols Shaped the biggest land empire in history • Crumpled in a few generations due to lack of political organization • Fall of Mongols lead to rise of Ottoman Empire

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