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Data Analysis

Data Analysis. Si units. Metric System Review. SI units.

rahim-sampson
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Data Analysis

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  1. Data Analysis

  2. Si units Metric System Review

  3. SI units • Used in nearly every country in the world, the Metric System was devised by French scientists in the late 18th century. The goal of this effort was to produce a system that used the decimal system rather than fractions as well as a single unified system that could be used throughout the entire world.

  4. In 1960, an international committee of scientists revised the metric system and renamed it the Systeme International d”Unites, which is abbreviated SI.

  5. There are seven base units in SI. A base unit is a defined unit in a system of measurement that is based on an object or event in the physical world.

  6. The REAL kilogram, the International Prototype Kilogram (IPK) is kept in the International Bureau of Weights and Measures near Paris. Several official clones of this kilogram are kept in various locations around the globe.

  7. A subset of the prefixes is Tera- (12), Giga- (9), Mega- (6), Micro- (-6), Nano- (-9), Pico- (-12), Femto- (-15), Atto- (-18): • The Gooey Monster May Not Pick Five Apples.

  8. Converting With SI (metric) • When converting within the metric system it is simply a measure of moving the decimal in the appropriate direction.

  9. Converting With SI (metric) • Kangaroos Hop Down Mountains Drinking Chocolate Milk • Kilo Hecto Deca Meter Deci Centi Milli • 1000 100 10 1 .1 .01 .001 • 1000 m = ______ km • .001 hg = ______ dg • 42.7 L = _____ cL

  10. Things to remember • The short forms for metric units are called symbols, NOT abbreviations • Metric symbols never end with a period unless they are the last word in a sentence. • RIGHT: 20 mm, 10 kg • WRONG: 20 mm., 10 kg. • Metric symbols should be preceded by digits and a space must separate the digits from the symbols • RIGHT: the box was 2 m wide • WRONG: the box was 2m wide

  11. Things to remember • The short forms for metric units are called symbols, NOT abbreviations • Metric symbols never end with a period unless they are the last word in a sentence. • RIGHT: 20 mm, 10 kg • WRONG: 20 mm., 10 kg. • Metric symbols should be preceded by digits and a space must separate the digits from the symbols • RIGHT: the box was 2 m wide • WRONG: the box was 2m wide

  12. Things to remember • Symbols are always written in the singular form • RIGHT: 500 hL, 43 kg • WRONG: 500 hLs, 43 kgs • BUT: It is correct to pluralize the written out metric unit names: 500 hectoliters, 43 kilograms • The compound symbols must be written out with the appropriate mathematical sign included • RIGHT: 30 km/h, 12 cm/s • WRONG: 30 kmph, 30 kph (do NOT use a p to symbolize “per”) • BUT: It is ok to write out “kilometers per hour”

  13. Things to remember • The meaning of a metric symbol is different depending on if it is lowercase or capitalized • mm is millimeters (1/1000 meters) • Mm is Megameters (1 million meters)

  14. A unit that is defined by a combination of base units is called a derived unit. The derived unit for volume is the cubic centimeter (cm3), which is used to measure volume of solids, one cm3 is equal to 1 ml. 1000 mL is equal to 1 Liter.

  15. Another derived unit is Density is a ratio that compares the mass of a unit to its volume. The unit for density is g/ cm3 or kg/m3. • Density = mass ÷ volume • or Density = Mass Volume

  16. Temperature Conversions • Temperature is defined as the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter. The units for this are oC and Kelvin (K). Note that there is no degree symbol for Kelvin.

  17. Heat is a measurement of the total kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter. The units for this are the calorie (cal) and the Joule (J).

  18. b • The following equation can be used to convert temperatures from Celsius (t) to Kelvin (T) scales: • T(K) = t(oC) + 273.15 • You are simply adding 273.15 to your Celsius temperature. • Example: Convert 25.00 oC to the Kelvin scale. • T(K) = 25.00 oC + 273.15 • = 298.15

  19. Subtracting 273.15 allows conversion of a Kelvin temperature to a temperature on the Celsius scale. The equation is: • t(oC) = T(K) - 273.15 • You are simply subtracting 273.15 from your Kelvin temperature.

  20. You are simply subtracting 273.15 from your Kelvin temperature. • Convert the following from the Celsius scale to the Kelvin scale. • 1. –200 oC 2. –100 oC 3. –50 oC • 4. 10 oC 5. 50 oC 6. 37 oC • 8. 100 oC 9. –300 oC 10. 300 oC • 11. 273.15 oC 12. -273.15 oC

  21. Convert the following form the Kelvin scale to the Celsius scale. • 1. 0 K 2. 100 K 3. 150 K • 4. 200 K 5. 273.15 K • 6. 300 K 7. 400 K 8. 37 K • 9. 450 K 10. –273.15 K

  22. Using your calculator to perform math operations with scientific notation • A calculator can make math operations with scientific notation much easier.

  23. Using your calculator to perform math operations with scientific notation • A calculator can make math operations with scientific notation much easier. To add • 6.02 x 10-2 and 3.01 x 10-3, simply type the following: • 6.02 EXP +/- 2 + 3.01 EXP +/- 3   • The calculator should read 6.321 –02. This means 6.321 x 10-2.

  24. Using your calculator to perform math operations with scientific notation • Calculators vary. Instead of EXP, some have EE. Instead of +/-, some have (-). Only use the +/- or (-) if the exponent is negative.

  25. It is also important to keep in mind that when the EXP button is hit, it is as though the button said “x 10 to the.” THERE IS NO NEED TO PRESS THE MULTIPLICATION BUTTON (unless the numbers in the problem are being multiplied together).

  26. To multiply 6.02 x 10-2 and 3.01 x 10-3, simply type the following: • 6.02 EXP +/- 2 x 3.01 EXP +/- 3 = •  The calculator should read 1.812 02 -04. This means 1.812 02 x 10-4. If you are unsure, consult your teacher or the owner’s manual for the calculator.

  27. Practice Section • (3.37 x 104) + (2.29 x 105) • (9.8 x 107) + (3.2 x 105) • (8.6 x 104) – (7.6 x 103) • (2.238 6 x 109) – (3.335 7 x 107) • Multiplication and Division – Significant digits should be used in your answers!!!!!!! • (1.2 x 103) x (3.3 x 105) • (7.73 x 102) x (3.4 x 10-3) • (9.9 x 106)  (3.3 x 103) • 8. . (1.55 x 10-7)  (5.0 x 10-4)

  28. Dimensional Analysis • Dimensional analysis is the algebraic process of changing from one system of units to another. A fraction, called a conversion factor, is used. These fractions are obtained from an equivalence between two units.

  29. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hQpQ0hxVNTg&list=PL8dPuuaLjXtPHzzYuWy6fYEaX9mQQ8oGr&index=2http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hQpQ0hxVNTg&list=PL8dPuuaLjXtPHzzYuWy6fYEaX9mQQ8oGr&index=2

  30. Dimensional Analysis • For example, consider the equality 1 in. = 2.54 cm. This equality yields two conversion factors which both equal one:

  31. Dimensional Analysis Note that the conversion factors above both equal one and that they are the inverse of one another. This enables you to convert between units in the equality. For example, to convert 5.08 cm to inches • 5.08 cm x = 2.00 in

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