Friday - AUG. 19 th

1. Friday - AUG. 19th • Write down your Homework in your agenda. • Cell Project – DUE September 7th • Opening: • How would you define Living Things • Mini-Lesson: • The Basic Cell • Cell Analogies – The Hunger Games • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xo9L2FB7aDo • Note-Taking • The Microscope • Reading/Writing Workshop • Cell City Analogy • Closing/Summarizer: • REVIEW

3. Standard S7L2 • S7L2. Students will describe the structure and function of cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems. • a. Explain that cells take in nutrients in order to grow and divide and to make needed materials. • b. Relate cell structures (cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, chloroplast, and mitochondrion) to basic cell functions. • Related Elements: • b. Compare and contrast that organisms reproduce asexually and sexually (bacteria, protists, fungi, plants and animals). • c. Recognize that selective breeding can produce plants or animals with desired traits. • S7CS1. Students will explore of the importance of curiosity, honesty, openness, and skepticism

4. Essential Questions • 1. How do you explain the relationship between the structure and function of cell organelles? • 2. How do the structures in a cell affect the cell’s function?

5. All Living Things are Made of Cells Video: Introduction to Cells

6. All Living Things are Made of Cells • Cell – the smallest unit that can perform all the processes necessary for life. • Not discovered until the invention of the microscope in the mid-1600s.

7. Cell Size • Most cells are too small to be seen without a microscope. • Few large cells • The yolk of a chicken egg • Many small cells • Larger cells need more food & produce more waste. • So, more materials must pass through its outer surface.

8. What differences do you notice between these two cells?

9. Prokaryotes • Single-celled organisms that do NOT have a nucleus • DNA (genetic material) is found floating in the cytoplasm • Lack many cell structures, but do have ribosomes(structures that make proteins) • Covered by a cell walland cell membrane • Includes: Bacteria (Archaebacteria & Eubacteria)

10. Eukaryotes • An organism made up of cells that have a nucleus enclosed by a membrane • Largest cells • 10x larger than most bacterial cells • Many different organelles • Structures that perform specific functions within the cell • Includes: animals, plants, fungi & protists

11. Two Kinds of Cells (TOC #28)

12. Warm Up • Is this cell a prokaryote or eukaryote? • How do you know? Brain Pop Video: Cells

13. Cell Structures

14. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function • Nucleus • Nickname: “The Control Center” • Function: holds the DNA • Parts: • Chromatin: strands that contain genetic material • Nucleolus: dark spot in the middle of the nucleus that helps make ribosomes • Plant and animal cells

15. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function • Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) • Nickname: “Roads” • Function: The internal delivery system of the cell • Located: Cytoplasm • Plant and animal cells

16. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function • Ribosomes • Function: makes proteins • Found in all cells, prokaryotic and eukaryotic • Located: Cytoplasm

17. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function • Golgi Complex • Nickname: The shippers • Function: packages, modifies, and transports materials to different location inside/outside of the cell • Appearance: stack of pancakes • Located: Cytoplasm • Plant and animal cells

18. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 10. Cell Membrane • Functions: • separates the inside of the cell from its environment • Controls what substances enter and leave the cell • Oxygen, carbon dioxide, wastes, food, etc… • Located: • In plant cells, it is to the inside of the cell wall • In animal cells, it is the outermost part of the cell

19. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function • Mitochondria • Nickname: “The Powerhouse” • Function: Energy formation • Breaks down food to make ATP • ATP: is the major fuel for all cell activities that require energy • Located: Cytoplasm • Plant and animal cells

20. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function • Vacuoles • Function: • Plant Cells • Very large • stores water • This is what makes lettuce crisp • When there is no water, the plant wilts • Animal Cells • Smaller than in plant cells • Stores/releases waste products • used in cellular digestion • Located: Cytoplasm

21. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function • Lysosomes: circular, but bigger than ribosomes) • Nickname: “Clean-up Crews” • Function: to break down food into particles the rest of the cell can use and to destroy old cells • Located: Cytoplasm • Plant and animal cells

22. Cytoplasm • Gel-like material inside the cell in which the cells organelles “float” • Found in ALL cells

23. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function • Chloroplasts • Function: traps energy from the sun to produce food for the plant cell • Located: Cytoplasm • Green in color because of chlorophyll, which is a green pigment • Plant cells

24. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function • Cell Wall • Function: provides support and protection to the cell membrane • Located: Found outside the cell membrane in plant cells

25. Nucleus • Large structure found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells that controls the activities of the cell • Contains the cell’s DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid ) • Genetic material that carries information needed to make new cells and new organisms. • Passed from parent cells to new cells

26. Nucleus (continued) • Covered by the nuclear membrane • Nucleolus (“little nucleus”) – found in the middle of the nucleus • Production of ribosomes (which make proteins) • Chromosomes – structures that are made of DNA and found in the nucleus

27. Endoplasmic Reticulum • System of tubes and passageways that are part of the cell’s internal delivery system • Rough ER– covered in ribosomes; found near the nucleus; transports proteins • Smooth ER– no ribosomes; makes lipids, and breaks down toxic materials that can damage the cell

28. Ribosomes • Ribosomes– small, grain-like organelles that make proteins • Smallest of all the organelles • Found in ALL cells • Found floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum

29. Golgi Complex (Golgi Bodies) • Packages and distributes proteins so that they can be transported by the ER

30. Cell Membrane • Protective layer that covers the cell’s surface & controls materials going into and out of the cell • Found in ALL cells • Selectively permeable– “selects” the materials that can permeate (pass through) into the cell

31. Mitochondria • Produces energy for the cell (ATP) • “Mighty mitochondria” • Breaks down sugar to release energy through a process called cellular respiration

32. Vacuoles • Storage of water, food & wastes • Large central vacuole in plant cells • Many smaller vacuoles in animal cells

33. Lysosomes • Contain digestive enzymes that break down food particles and worn-out cell parts, and help get rid of waste materials • Found mainly in animal cells • “Clean up crew” of the cell

34. Chloroplasts • Organelles in plant cells in which photosynthesis takes place • Contain (filled with) chlorophyll – green pigment • Traps energy of sunlight

35. Cell Wall • Rigid structure that gives support to the cell • Found in bacteria, plant & fungi cells (NOT in animal cells) • Outermost layer (covers the cell membrane) • Made of cellulose in plant cells & chitin in fungi cell wall

36. The Connection Between the Nucleus, Chromosomes, & DNA