OBESITY

1. Amy Allen Jenn Palm Edwin Porrata Crystal Whitley OBESITY

2. Exercise Training and severe caloric restriction: effect on lean body mass in the obese Authors: Brian C. Leutholtz, PHD Journal Title: Physical Medical Rehabilitation Date, Volume & Pages: January 1995 p65-p69

3. explore effects of exercise intensity on body composition of obese subjects during severe caloric restriction. PURPOSE

4. 40 subjects (33 women and 7 men) 12 week supplemented fasting program Randomly assigned to high or low intensity group Bruce Protocol was used Measured heart rate and blood pressure RPE was recorded, distance, time, and heart rate METHODS

5. Significant reduction in body weight was associated with decreased body fat after weight loss regimen. No significant loss of lean body mass Relative VO2 max improved Resting heart rate and blood pressure significantly lowered RESULTS & DISCUSSION

6. No significant difference in benefits between high and low intensity workouts CONCLUSION

7. Using Self-Efficacy and a Transtheoretical Model to develop a Physical Activity Intervention for Obese Women Authors: Cindy Byfield, PhD, RD; Jennifer Anderson, PhD, Rd Journal Title: American Journal of Health Promotion Date, Volume & Pages: 2003; 17: 373-381

8. To assess the effectiveness of applying behavior change theory to a physical activity intervention for obese, sedentary women. PURPOSE:

9. PARTICIPANTS 58 sedentary, obese woman MEASURES Questionnaire on: Physical activity Stage of Change Process of Change Self efficacy INTERVENTION Two groups METHODS

10. 27 of the 29 in the treatment group participated. 17 participated from the control group. GREAT results for the treatment group. The control group was not as successful. Significant improvements in the processes of change for the treatment group – improvements in only 2 processes were observed for the control group. RESULTS , DISCUSSION, and CONCLUSION A Theory based intervention Versus a traditional exercise program… Theory based intervention incorporates how obese women think.

11. Influence of Diet and/or Exercise on Body Composition and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Obese Women Authors: Alan C. Utter, David C. Nieman, Elizabeth M. Shannonhouse, Diane E. Butterworth, and Cathy N. Nieman Journal Title: International Journal of Sport Nutrition Date, Volume & Pages: 1998, 8, 213-222

12. To determine the influence of moderate to vigorous aerobic exercise, energy restriction, or both on body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness in a large group of obese women. PURPOSE

13. 102 obese females participated in a 12 week program Randomized into one of four groups: control, exercise, diet, or exercise and diet Cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, and BMI were taken before and after the program During the program, weekly weigh-ins and 24 hour dietary recalls were conducted METHODS

14. Both the diet and the diet/exercise groups showed significant decreases in the following areas: body mass percent body fat body mass index fat mass No significant changes were found in fat – free mass for all groups Change in VO2 max was significantly greater for exercise groups RESULTS

15. VO2 max increased in both exercise groups due to moderately high intensity Moderate exercise training independent of diet had little to no effect on fat mass DISCUSSION

16. Moderate exercise training during a 12 week period improved cardiorespiratory fitness but had no significant effect in accelerating diet-induced losses in body fat mass in a large number of obese women. CONCLUSION

17. The effects of aerobic and resistance exercises in obese women Authors: AyseSarsan, Journal Title: Clinical Rehabilitation Date, Volume & Pages: 2006; 20: 773-782

18. Compare effects of aerobic and resistance exercise on weight, muscle strength, cardiovascular fitness, blood pressure and mood in obese women who were not on energy restricted diet. PURPOSE:

19. 60 obese women were assigned to one of three groups: aerobic exercise resistance exercise control Measured mood, cardiorespiratory capacity and maximum strength of trained muscles METHODS

20. Showed improvements in: 1RM VO2 Max Beck depression scale (aerobic group) Aerobic and resistance training improved performance and exercise capacity RESULTS & DISCUSSION

21. Aerobic exercise improved: depressive symptoms VO2 max Resistance exercise improved: muscle strength CONCLUSION

22. The effect of exercise training on B-adrenergic stimulation of fat metabolism in obese men Authors: Van Aggel-Leijssen, WHM Saris, M Homan and MA van Baak Journal Title: International Journal of Obesity Date, Volume & Pages: 2001, Vol. 25, Pg 16-23

23. Determine if high intensity or low intensity exercise stimulates fat oxidation & metabolism in part of B-adrenergic in obese men. Determine the differences between the two exercising stimuli & the fat oxidation of metabolism in lean & obese men. PURPOSE

24. There were 23 obese men, evaluated with a medical history & physical examination; all subjects were in good health. No medications used to influence any kind of manipulation of the variable measured. Categorized into groups of three’s by BMI, Fat Percentage, Age, and Vo2 max. Randomly divided into groups; High intensity exercisers (N=8, 70% Vo2 max), Low intensity exercisers (n=7, 40% Vo2max), and non-training controlled group (n=8). Subjects recorded dietary habits METHODS

25. After 12-weeks there were no changes in body composition in any group. There was a significant increase in Vo2 max and Vo2max FFM in both HI & LI-exercising groups. Both increases were also very similar in their final measurements. Between the HI & C group there was a huge difference in Vo2max and Vo2 max FFM. There were no changes in the lean group or the C obese group. The compliance of both exercising groups managed well (LI was 88.7% & HI was 92.6%) RESULTS

26. The 12-week exercise program involved measurements of body composition, maximal aerobic capacity, & isoprenaline-induced thermogenesis &substrates before exercising. Each member did not spend >2 hours a week in sport activities & had no physically demanding job. HI & LI groups participated in cycling on an ergometer 3x/week with each session fixed at 5kcal*kg*FFM^-1. Heart rate was monitored continuously during the training session. Evaluations of Vo2 Max test were performed & adjusted at the lab under supervision of a trainer at week 4 & at week 8. DISCUSSION

27. After the intervention, LI & HI-intensity exercise training failed to affect the B-adren. stimulation relative to fat oxidation in obese men. Increases occurred from B-ad.-medicated lipolysis in HI exercises in obese men. LI exercise training were similar in Lean & Obese men. Variations in habitual energy expenditure seems to play a role in the difference between H & L responders of B-adren. adipocytelipolysis. Physical fitness was a significant increase in both exercising groups. The concentration glycerol in the H.I. group increased the most after the intervention. CONCLUSION

28. FINAL CONCLUSIONS • NHANES survey1 shows that among adult men the prevalence of obesity was increased from 31.1% (2003) to 35% in 2006 • Proper exercise, nutrition, and behavior modification • NO MAGIC PILL • Health Risks

29. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wjd3er9vJH0&feature=related OBESITY VIDEO