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Scientific Revolution

Explore the impactful contributions of Ptolemy, Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo, Newton, and others who revolutionized science during the Scientific Revolution. From challenging geocentric theories to formulating calculus and discovering the laws of planetary motion, discover how these brilliant minds shaped our understanding of the natural world.

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Scientific Revolution

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  1. Scientific Revolution

  2. Ptolemy • Greek Astronomer • C.E. 100s • Proposed first theory of planetary motion • Theorized that planets, stars, sun move around the earth • “Geocentric” theory

  3. Copernicus • 1473-1543 • Polish • Astronomer, mathematician • On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres • Proposes heliocentric theory of planetary motion • Placed on Index of Prohibited Books

  4. Kepler • 1571-1630 • German • Mathematician, astronomer, astrologer • Developed laws of planetary motion based on heliocentric model • Used mathematics, observations of other scientists

  5. Galileo • 1564-1642 • Italian • Physicist, astronomer, astrologer • Made improvements to telescope • Proved heliocentric model of planetary motion

  6. Newton • 1643-1727 • English • Physicist, mathematician • Helped to develop calculus • Proposed theory of gravity

  7. Vesalius • 1514-1564 • Flemish • Anatomist • On the Workings of the Human Body • Used dissection to study human anatomy

  8. Harvey • 1578-1657 • English • Physician • First to correctly describe how blood is pumped through the body by the heart

  9. Descartes • 1596-1650 • French • Philosopher, mathematician, scientist • Geometry: Cartesian coordinates, planes • “I think, therefore I am”

  10. Bacon • 1561-1626 • English • Philosopher, statesman, essayist • Developed THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD • “Knowledge is power”

  11. Liebnitz • 1646-1716 • German • Helped to develop calculus • Mechanical calculator

  12. Leeuwenhoek • 1632-1723 • Dutch • “Father of microbiology” • Improved microscope technology • First to observe and describe single-celled organisms

  13. Boyle • 1627-1691 • Irish • Philosopher, chemist, physicist • The Skeptical Chemist (1661) • Boyle’s Law (gas): V=1/P

  14. Priestly • 1733-1804 • English • Chemist, philosopher, clergyman • Investigations CO2 • Discovery of Oxygen • Discovered how to carbonate water

  15. Lavoisier • 1743-1794 • French • Nobleman, chemist, biologist, economist • Named oxygen • Introduced metric system • Invented periodic table • Executed in Reign of Terror

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