Scientific Revolution

1. Scientific Revolution

2. Nicolaus Copernicus(1473-1543) • Heliocentric (sun-centered) theory of the universe • Used complex mathematical equations to map the planets

3. Nicolaus Copernicus(1473-1543) • His theory provided the foundation for the modern science of astronomy – the study of planets.

4. Dissected bodies of humans instead of animals to understand human anatomy Made precise sketches of how the human body worked Andreas Vesalius(1514-1564)

5. His work proved wrong many ancient ideas about human anatomy and helped begin the modern sciences of anatomy and physiology Andreas Vesalius(1514-1564)

6. Believed scientists should use observation to determine what celestial bodies were made of Built his own telescope to prove the planets were not perfect spheres of gas The ragged moon Galileo Galilei (1564-1652)

7. Invention of the telescope led to a series of important astronomical discoveries: Jupiter had moons, the sun had large spots, visual proof the earth revolved around the sun. Galileo Galilei (1564-1652)

8. Because his beliefs went against Catholic Church doctrine, he was put on trial before an Inquisition court Under pressure, he recanted (rejected) his scientific findings Galileo Galilei (1564-1652)

9. Identified the function of the heart as a pump that recycles blood through the body Veins and arteries as carriers of blood instead of empty tubes William Harvey(1578-1657)

10. His research is considered the origin (starting point) of the modern science of physiology – the study of how the body functions. William Harvey(1578-1657)

11. Discovered gravity as the force that pulls objects to the earth and holds the planets in place Used complex math to demonstrate the force of gravity Isaac Newton(1642-1727)

12. Isaac Newton(1642-1727) • His theories created the foundation for many scientific fields, including astronomy, engineering, and physics.

13. Origins of the Scientific Revolution • The Scientific Revolution began in 16th century Europe as scientists abandoned the old views of medieval scientists, who relied strictly on ancient Greek and Roman authorities like Aristotle and Ptolemy, and began to develop new views of their own.

14. Challenged . . . medieval superstition and the general acceptance of Aristotle’s theories. These NEW IDEAS

15. The SCIENTISTS • Uncovered . . . knowledge of physical world through the invention of new instruments such as the telescope and the microscope

16. They ALSO • Developed . . . the scientific method of observation, hypothesis, and experimentation.

17. Philosopher not scientist Believed scientists should use inductive reasoning Created the scientific method Sir Francis Bacon

18. Scientific Method

19. Scientific Method • 1. Observe some aspect of the universe. • 2. Invent a tentative description, called a hypothesis, that is consistent with what you have observed. • 3. Use the hypothesis to make predictions. • 4. Test those predictions by experiments or further observations and modify the hypothesis in the light of your results. • 5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 until there are no discrepancies between theory and experiment and/or observation.

20. Philosopher who believed that reason is the chief source of knowledge “I think, therefore I am.” Rene Descartes

21. At FIRST they • Encountered . . . considerable opposition,

22. But EVENTUALLY they • Reduced . . . human beings’ idea of their own importance in the universe by stating the Earth was NOT the center of the universe!

23. They ALSO • Improved . . . people’shealth and helped them gain control of their own environment

24. AND, last but not least, they • Established . . . a firm foundation for modern science