Applications of Photovoltaic Power Generation Systems in NEDO Projects

1. Applications of Photovoltaic Power Generation Systems in NEDO Projects International Cooperative Demonstration Project Utilizing PV Power Generation Systems in Mongolia January 29, 2007 Toshiharu Yagi International Projects Management Division Energy and Environment Technology Center New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization

2. Outline • （１） PV Power Generation System Applications • （２）Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) and NEDO Projects in Japan • （３）Further Application of NEDO’s International Cooperative Demonstration Projects

3. （１）　PV Power Generation Systems Application Sloped Type Rooftop installed Flat Rooftop integrated type Rooftops Rooftop integrated* Roof material type Walls Wall installed Ａ．Installation of PV modules** Wall integrated* *ＢＩＰＶ Windows Window* （２）BIPV and NEDO Projects Ceiling* Others Window roof* Louver* Monuments, etc. Stand-alone systems Water supply Hybrid systems Electrification Ｂ．Systems Applications Grid connected systems Resolving power supply restrictions （３）International Cooperative Demonstration Projects Effective power utilization Microgrids **Source: Japan Photovoltaic Energy Association (JPEA)

4. Outline • （１）PV Power Generation System Applications • （２）Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) and NEDO Projects in Japan • （３）Further Application of NEDO’s International Cooperative Demonstration Projects

5. （2）－1NEDO’s activities for the introduction of Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) • １．FY1993 - FY1996 • R&D on integrating PV modules into construction materials to combine PV arrays with buildings and reduce system installation costs • ２．FY1997 – FY2000 • Further R&D on PV modules to develop new types of BIPV • ３．FY1998 - • Field testing of developed BIPV that has reached a certain technologicallevel, to confirm performance and economic efficiency, as well as to improve reliability

6. (2) – 2 PV power field tests • １．Objectives: • Cost reduction/standardization • Identification of performance/ economic efficiency as well as improvement of reliability • Subsidies: 50% ３．BIPV component ratios (when adopted for field tests) 100% 30 ２４ 90% 25 80% ２０ 70% 20 60% Efficiency improvement Cumulative capacity (MW) Project ratio 50% 15 New type of control BIPV 40% ７ 10 New type of PV module 30% ５ Total capacity 20% 4% 5 10% 11% 5% 8% ２．Cumulative installed capacity/ installation costs for field tests 0% 0 ２．Cumulative installed capacity/ installation costs for field tests FY2003 FY2004 FY2005 FY2006 Total1,130MW 30% installed in public sector/ industrial sector Fiscal Year MW Yen/W MW J\/W ４．Domestic cumulative capacity Cumulative capacityInstallation cost kW W Off grid On grid Fiscal Year Fiscal Year

7. (2) – 3 Roof top installations Rooftops Rooftop installed type Sloped rooftops Saishunkan hilltop botanical garden plant (480kW) Kameyama factories (5,150kW), Sharp Corporation

8. (2) – 4 Roof top integrated ＢＩＰＶ Rooftop Rooftop integrated type Rooftop Rooftop integrated type JR East Takasaki station (100kW) Tamiya Seisakusho, greenhouse (30kW)

9. (2) – 5 BIPV wall integrated ＢＩＰＶ Walls Wall integrated type Walls Wall integrated type Kyocera Corporation headquarters (214kW) (rooftop: 57kW + wall: 157kW) Tuzuki post office, Yokohama (8.5kW)

10. (2) – 6 Others ＢＩＰＶ Windows Ceiling type Others Louver type Panasonic center (16kW) Residential care home for the elderly (2.2kW)

11. Project for Supporting New Energy Operators (FY2001)Rental apartments with PV power generation systems (Received the 10th METI Minister’s Awards (Gold Prize)) １． PV1.55ｋW×43 households 　　（1.665ｋW for common use space ） Total capacity: 66.165ｋW ２．All electrification with ECO CUTE and IH cooking heaters

12. “See-through Type Photovoltaic Modules” “See-through type PV modules” introduced for the first time in Kyushu, Japan, allow light to come in through the ceiling.

13. Outline • （１）PV Power Generation System Applications • （２）Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) and NEDO Projects in Japan • （３）Further Application NEDO’s International Cooperative Demonstration Projects

14. （3）－１　Project objectives Background Environmentally friendly photovoltaic power generation systems can provide nearly unlimited energy and require minimal, uncomplicated maintenance. Expanding photovoltaic power generation is essential for oil-alternative energy development. International Cooperative Demonstration Project Utilizing Photovoltaic Power Generation Systems To develop practical uses for PV power generation systems, it is necessary to enhance systems from the perspective of cost reductions and improved reliability through verification tests. International cooperative verification is expected to obtain data under host countries’ distinctive climatic and social systems that cannot be replicated in Japan. • NEDO conducts domestic research activities to resolve technical issues for the introduction of dispersed power sources such as PV power generation systems. • Overseas project implementation aims to contribute to host countries’ sustainable development.

15. （3）－2 Project scheme Japanese side Host country side Agreement on basic provisions of the project Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) ＮＥＤＯ Responsible Government Organizations Work Entrustment Instructions for Cooperation Concretization Implementers (Municipal governments, power companies, research institutes, universities, state-owned enterprises) Implementation Document (ID) Entrusted Company Detailed agreement on practical project matters, if necessary Japanese work sharing responsibilities: Surveys/planning, design/ manufacturing of primary equipment, transportation to the host country, construction, installation, commissioning, adjustment and demonstration Others (cooperation in holding seminars for maintenance of equipment) Host country work sharing responsibilities: Cooperation in basic surveys, cooperation in design of equipment (including layouting), involvement in demonstrative operations/equipment maintenance Others (tax exemptions, securement of lands/methods for accessing project sites) Implementation of specified work

16. ２ ８ 13 12 14 １ 11 ３ ７ ５ ９ 15 ４ 10 ６ （3）－3Project sites Abundant solar radiation with much less rain Beijing Bangkok Abundant solar radiation with rainy seasons

17. ④ Hybrid-MiniGrid （３）Deviation due to complicated pattern of tidal current ① Water Pumping ② SHS ③ BCS PC （２）Islanding ④ Village electrification system （１） Elevated voltage ⑤ Grid connecting system for Industrials Large-scalePV For Residential （３) – 4 PV systems On Grid Off Grid

18. （3）－5Past projects Stand-alone systems Hybrid systems Grid connected systems 1992-1998 1998-2006 2003-2006 • Water-pumping PV system ([1] Nepal) • Portable PV system （[2] Mongolia）　 • Battery charging station PV system ([3] Thailand） • Village electrification ([4] Malaysia） • PV + micro hydro （[5] Vietnam/[9] Cambodia） • PV + pumping-up （[11] Laos） • PV + wind power （[7] Myanmar/[14] China） • PV + biogas ([10] Cambodia） • PV + diesel power • Public/industrial use （[12]Beijing/[15]Bangkok) Total: Period: 1992-2006 Host countries: 9 # of projects: 15 Systems: 3 types （[6] Thailand/[8]Mongolia/[7]Myanmar/[13] China)

19. Icemaker Inverter Inverter Wind power PV Batteries 【７】 Demonstrative Research on a Grid-connected Photovoltaic Power Generation System (PV + wind power + DEG) in Myanmar 1999-2004 １．Project site location: 200km west of Yangon, facing Bay of Bengal ２．Principal industries: agriculture, fishery, tourism (resort/beaches) ３．Site conditions: coastal area, power supply restriction due to a rotating system for operation Power supply significantly increased ５．Results: • Stable power supply during rapid changes of the climate or load • Demand Side Mａｎａｇｅｍｅｎt by an icemaker PV power generation: 80ｋW, wind power generation: 40kW, DEG: 60kW, ballast load: 24kW ４．System configuration: DEG Village Hotel

20. Biomass gasification plant Inverter Methane gas ＰＶ Inverter ＧＥＧ 【10】 Demonstrative Research Project on Combined Power Generation Units for Grid-connected System (PV + biogas) in Cambodia 2002-2004 １．Project site location: 2 hour drive from Phnom Penh in the direction of Sihanoukville ２．Principal industry: agriculture ３．Site conditions: plain field, non-electrified area with one village of 210 households ５．Results: • Interconnected operation control absorbing unstable PV power output auxiliary machinery • Effectiveness of a hybrid system with biomass gas power generation ４．System configuration: Cattle house Tapioca plant Village Electrified PV power generation: 50kW, biogas power generation: 70kW (biogas rated output: 303m3/day）

21. Village Water flow PV Village Inverter pond Village pumping Lifting pump MH 【１１】 Demonstrative Research Project on Small-scale Pumping Up Power Generation System with Photovoltaic in Laos 2003 - 2005 ５．Results: • Battery alternative effect by pumping up power generation • Establishment of maintenance scheme ４．System configuration: １．Project site location: 30km northwest of Luang Prabang ２．Principal industry: rice cultivation ３．Site conditions: mountainous/non-electrified area with 10 villages (approx. 900 households with 5000 persons) Approx. 500 households were electrified. PV power generation: 100kW, hydro power generation: 70kW, lifting pump: 7.5kW pump×８

22. PC a-SiPV PC Bulk PV Batteries Inverter 【１５】Development of Islanding Prevention Methods Under Clustered PV Conditions and Improvement of Electricity Quality in Thailand 2004 - 2006 １．Project site location: 30km west and 20km north of Bangkok ２．Industry: rice vermicelli manufacturing plant and Thailand Environment Institute ３．Site conditions: suburbs of Bangkok ５．Results: • New methods for islanding prevention • Technology development and demonstration of voltage control • Output characteristics of amorphous PV under high temperature ４．System configuration: Substation Load Power plant PV power generation: 155kW. Batteries: 70kWh

23. （３）- 6 Research results ① Diversification of hybrid PV power generation systems: Particularly, various combinations of hybrid/mini-grid systems. Data acquisition (DEG, biogas engine, micro-hydro and wind power) ② Technical issues in energy utilization: Effective utilization of PV power output (combined with other power sources, monitoring capacity of storage batteries, DSM), battery-free systems (PV+ hydro pumped to reservoir), improvement of battery cycle life (advanced storage batteries) ③ Resolving technical power grid connection problems when integrating large-scale dispersed power sources: Identification of impact on power grids, establishment of operational control systems using storage batteries and two- way inverters, stabilizing power output interconnection by isolating erratic power output, new method for islanding detection, and supply of reactive power, etc.

24. Updated scheme of International Cooperative Demonstration Project Utilizing Photovoltaic Power Generation Systems （3）－7Project implementation objectives International Cooperative Demonstration Project for Stabilized and Advanced Grid-connection PV Systems • Stabilization of micro-grid operation • Power supply less affected by brownouts/blackouts • Capacitors to control momentary power fluctuations 　　・　Small-scale power grids 　　・　Large-scale power grids • Development of design supporting tools • Support for improvement of maintenance skills

25. （５）　Project results Results of International Cooperative Demonstration Project Utilizing Photovoltaic Power Generation Systems Contributions to host countries Results for Japan • Planning and implementation of 100,000 ger electrification in Mongolia • Introduction of battery charging station in Thailand • Reliability/durability of stand-alone systems were confirmed • Operation control of each type of hybrid system was verified Support for introduction plan Support for establishment of maintenance scheme • Dissemination of PV power generation systems Development of design support tools Support for improvement of maintenance skills • Implementation and results of demonstrative research on grid connection technology • Identification of impact/verification of PV output variations, new methods for islanding detection, application of Japanese grid-connection technology guidelines, etc. • Stabilization of micro-grid, high-quality power supply, application of capacitors, integrated control systems, etc. Shared knowledge of grid-connection technologies • Introduction and dissemination of grid-connected systems

26. Thank you for your attention.