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Managing Sarcopenic Obesity: Trends and Insights

Explore the emerging concept of Sarcopenic Obesity and its relevance to the rising diabetes epidemic worldwide. Learn about the relationship between sarcopenia, obesity, and diabetes, along with current statistics and evidence. Discover the global health aspects and obstacles in addressing Sarcopenic Obesity, and gain insights into managing it through a combination of exercise, diet, and protein intake.

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Managing Sarcopenic Obesity: Trends and Insights

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  1. SARCOPENIC OBESITY: A CASE STUDY OF NEW TRENDS FOR MANAGEMENT Abhinav Yadav DPT MSPT CSCS CPT Utica College

  2. OBJECTIVE  To learn about the new emerging concept of Sarcopenic Obesity (SO) and its relevance to increasing epidemic of diabetes.

  3. PREVALENCE OF DIABETES AND OBESITY • Prevalence worldwide 2.8% in 2000 • Prevalence worldwide 4.4% in 2030 Diabetes (Wild, Sicree, Roglic, King & Green, 2004, p-1047) • Prevalence in people over 60 years old would increase from 23.6% in 1990 to 32% in 2000 to 37.4% in 2010. Obesity (Mathus-Vliegen, 2012, p-533)

  4. GLOBAL BURDEN OF DIABETES (Wild et al., 2004,Figure 2, p-1050)

  5. IN UNITED STATES (Diabetes report card-2014, CDC, 2014, p-1)

  6. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SARCOPENIA, OBESITY AND DIABETES Aging population Reduced physical activity Reduced muscle mass Increased obesity levels Diabetic epidemic (Marcell, 2008) (Gomez-Cabello et al., 2011)

  7. CURRENT STATISTICS AND EVIDENCE  Prevalence of sarcopenia was 12% in males and 11.9% in females.  Among those who had sarcopenia, obesity was observed in 68.3% males and 65.0%. (Ryu, Jo, Lee, Chung, Kim & Baek, 2013, p-251)  There is an increased risk of developing sarcopenia if one already has type-II diabetes. (Kim et al., 2010)

  8. THE GLOBAL HEALTH ASPECTS  With increasing and alarming rates of urbanization and population getting older, the prevalence of diabetes will continue to rise.  The human and economic costs of diabetic epidemic will be enormous, as this will lead to increments in cardiovascular diseases as well. (Wild et al., 2004)

  9. OBSTACLES OR BARRIERS IN ADDRESSING SO  The main problem is addressing both fat mass decrement and muscle mass increment simultaneously.  Traditional methods of reducing weight may have detrimental effects as they tend to reduce the muscle mass as well. (Wood & O’Neil, 2014)

  10. HOW IT STARTED….  Dr. Unni Karnakara , retired international president MSF (Medicine san frontiers)  25 years ago, after passing out from medical school, explored northern part of India, from Delhi to Srinagar on bicycle  Covering over 1000 miles

  11. CONTINUED…  In September 2013, he was set to retire from MSF, was stuck in a desk job for last 5 years, with too much travel and too little physical activity.  Decided to fulfill his dream of covering India on bicycle, generate some awareness and funds for MSF India programs.  Plans to cover 3800 miles on bicycle.

  12. CURRENT CONCEPTS IN ADDRESSING SO  To manage SO, the approach has to be a combination of exercise and diet, which can increase the muscle mass and at the same time works to reduce the fat levels (Wood & O’Neil, 2014)  A regular protein intake in addition to exercise can help to increase muscle mass and achieve reduction of fat. (Li & Heber, 2011)

  13. CONTINUED..  The rate of muscle decline in older age in dependent upon the lifestyle followed and physical health done earlier in life. (Stenholm et al., 2012)

  14. Parameter Parameter At beginning At beginning 07/31/2013 07/31/2013 At At finish finish 02/01/2014 02/01/2014 Body weight 69.1 kilograms 152 pounds 67.8 kilograms 149 pounds Body fat mass 19.4 kilograms 43 pounds 16.9 kilograms 37 pounds Skeletal muscle mass 27.7 kilograms 60 pounds 28.3 kilograms 62.2 pounds Aerobic capacity 39.53 ml/kg/min 50.65 ml/kg.min

  15. REFERENCES  Center for Diabetes Control and Prevention. (2014). Diabetes 2014 Report Card. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/library/reports/congress.html.  Gomez-Cabello, A., Pedrero-Chamizo, R., Olivares, P.R., Luzardo, L.,Juez-Bengoechea, A.,.. & Ara, I. (2011). Prevalence of overweight and obesity in non-institutionalized people over aged 65 or over from Spain: The elderly EXERNET multi-center study. Obesity Reviews, 12, 583-592. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-789X.00878.x.  Healthy People.gov. (2008). Physical activity guidelines for Americans. Retrieved from http://www.health.gov/paguidelines/pdf/paguide.pdf.  Kim, T.N., Seo, J.A., Park, M.S., Kim, S.G., Yang, S.J.,..& Choi, K.M. (2010). Prevalence and determinant factors of sarcopenia in patients with type-2 diabetes. Diabetes Care, 33, 1497-1499. Retrieved from http://care.diabetesjournals.org/.

  16. CONTINUED…  Li, Z. & Heber, D. (2011). Sarcopenic obesity in the elderly and strategies for weight management. Nutritional reviews, 70 (1), 57-64. DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2011.00453.x.  Marcell, T.J. (2008). Sarcopenia: Causes, consequences, and preventions. Journal of Gerontology, 58 (10), 911-916. Retrieved from http://biomedgerontology.oxfordjournals.org/.  Mathus-Vliegen, E.M.H. (2012). Obesity and the elderly. J Clin Gastroenterol, 46, 533-544. Retrieved from www.jcge,com.  Meng, P., Hu, Y.X., Fan, L., Zhang, Y., Zhang, M.X.,.. & Chen, L.K. (2014). Sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity among men aged 80 years and older in Beijing: Prevalence and its association with functional performance. Geriatr Gerontol Int, 14 (1), 29-35. DOI: 10.1111/ggi.12211.

  17. CONTINUED…  Stenholm, S., Harris, T.B., Rantanen, T., Visser, M., Kritchevsky, S.B. & Ferrucci, L. (2008). Sarcopenic obesity-Definition, etiology and consequences. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care, 11 (6), 693-700. DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0b013e328312c37d.  Stenholm, S., Tiainen, K., Rantanen, T., Sainio, P., Heliovaara, M.,.. & Koskinen, S. (2012). Long-term determinants of muscle strength decline: Prospective evidence from the 22-year mini-Finland follow-op survey. J AM Geriatr Soc, 60, 77-85. DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2011.03779.x.  Vandevijvere, S., Chow, C.C., Hall, K.D., Umali, E. & Swinburn, B.A. (2015). Increased food energy supply as a major driver of the obesity epidemic: A global analysis. Bull World Health Organ, 93, 446-456. DOi: http://dx.doi.org/10.2471/BLT.14.150565.  Wild, S., Sicree, R., Roglic, G., King, H. & Green, A. (2004). Global prevalence of diabetes: Estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030. Diabetes Care, 27, 1047- 1053. Retrieved from http://care.diabetesjournals.org/.  Wood, R.J. & O’Neill, E.(2014). Part II: Suggested lifestyle interventions for sarcopenic obesity. ACSM’s Certified News, 24 (2), 4-7. Retrieved from http://certification.acsm.org/certified-news.

  18. THANK YOU  Questions?

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