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Measure 1: Gambling activities. Pre 1987TAB / TrackGolden KiwiHousie/Raffles (Community fund raising). 1988-1998Lotto
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1. Understanding and addressing problem gambling Plenary Session II: Policy/Measures
to Address Problem Gambling
2. Measure 1: Gambling activities Pre 1987
TAB / Track
Golden Kiwi
Housie/Raffles (Community fund raising) 1988-1998
Lotto – national, weekly
Gambling machines available in clubs/hotels/casinos
Instant Kiwi
Horse/dogs racing
Casinos in Auckland and Christchurch
Daily Keno, Powerball
Sports betting managed by TAB
Telephone gambling games
3. Measure 2: Gambling expenditure
4. Measure 3: Who are affected by G-harms 1.4% (0.8 PG & 0.6 PaG 12 mn) of the population is affected by problem or probable pathological gambling (DIA, 1999, highly conservative)
Prevalence and incidence
Affects 5-7 other people (family- local & overseas, friends, workmates)
Only 10-15% of individuals with problem gambling seek help
80% clients said “pokies” were the primary cause of their problem
6. Cont’d Every year New Zealanders lose about $2 billion gambling or $5.5 million every day
Every three dollars lost, only ONE dollar returns to the community
7. Measure 4: Clients presenting to PG services 2003/4 2004/5 2005/6
Maori 33.3% 29% 29.4% (14.6%)
Pacific 8.8% 9.3% 9.2% (6.9%)
European 52.7% 50.8% 48.6% (67.6%)
Asian 3.5% 5.9% 8.1% (9.2%)
Other 1.7% 5.0% 5.3% (10%)
Source: Ministry of Health
8. Cont’d: dollars lost in 4 weeks
9. Cont’d: Gambling modes
10. Measure 5: Gambling in “general population” Low income households, one who are least able to afford (& high income too?)
Maori and Pacific people are overrepresented in treatment statistics
Prison inmates & individuals under probation
Women
Young people
Older people
Individuals working in gambling industry (Tse, Wong & Kim, 2004)
11. [Rotorua Daily Post] Rotorua leaders plan to ban any new pokies machine outlets in poorer parts of the city because the risk of problem gambling is so great. The majority of the city's problem gamblers are addicted.. [NZ Herald] SYDNEY - A former high-flying public relations consultant became involved in insider trading to help her son recover his gambling losses
13. Problem gambling among Asian peoples in New Zealand
14. eXtreme mystery Majority of Asian New Zealanders spend little or nothing on gambling.
But
a significant “minority” who spend substantial sums on a regular basis (eg VIP)
Disproportionate level of presence in gambling venue
15. Cont’d: X-mystery Asian clients represented 6% of the total “face-to face counselling” clients population BUT contributed 35.4% of the amount of money lost
(Ministry of Health, 2006)
16. Possible pathways Coping of post-migration adjustment difficulties
Part of acculturation process
17. Policy: New Zealand's national strategy/approach to tackle problem gambling (Ministry of Health)
18. Cont’d: 10 principles Whole of government approach
Cultural relevance
Reducing health inequalities
Continuum of harms and interventions
19. Cont’d
20. Cont’d Long term approach
Population health approach
Primary prevention: public health services & strategies
Secondary and tertiary prevention: Intervention services
Evidence-informed approach
Workforce development
21. Summary: Policy & measure Compulsion
Loss of Control
Continue to gamble despite Consequence
(see McCown & Howatt, 2007)
Clinical intervention (evidence-informed)
Counselling (professional, confidential & free, certification?)
Coordinated approach (good buy-in, intersectoral approach)
22. Summary: Policy & measure Gambling or PG among Asian peoples
Shame
Stigma
Secrecy
Healthy lifestyle
Harm minimisation:
Regulation & enforcement
Host responsibility
Local & central government
Health promotion:
Empowerment & participation
Strengths & capacity building
Education & awareness raising
Community action & development
Ottawa Charter, Bangkok Charter
(Raeburn et al., 2006)