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America's Struggle for Independence: From Declaration to Victory

Explore the pivotal events from the Second Continental Congress to key battles like Saratoga and Yorktown, shedding light on military actions, peace efforts, and influential figures in the fight for independence. Witness the impact of Thomas Paine's "Common Sense" and the Treaty of Paris as America forged its path to freedom.

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America's Struggle for Independence: From Declaration to Victory

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  1. Chapter 8: America Secedes from the Empire

  2. The Second Continental Congress (Pg. 51) • Military Actions (Declaration of Causes & Necessitiesfor Taking Up Arms) (colonies/provide troops) (Washington, Continental Army) (Arnold, attack Canada) (Navy organized, attack British shipping) • Peace Efforts (contradiction, wage war & seek peace) (many Colonists/stay: heritage & Britain's protection) (Olive Branch Petition) (pledge loyalty to England) (ask King to intercede w/ Parliament) (1. secure peace) (2. protection of colonial rights) • Canada (14th Colony?) (support from Canadians?) (anti-Catholic, no support) (failure)

  3. Thomas Paine’s Argument for Independence (Pg. 51 cont.) • Common Sense: pamphlet has profound impact on public opinion (future course of events) • Colonies should become independent states & break all political ties w/ Britain • Small distant island shouldn’t rule a large continent • People shouldn’t pledge loyalty to a king whose government was corrupt & whose laws were unreasonable

  4. Pg.52 • King George III Horse (America), Rider (King George III), (weapons) (Patriots) • African Americans (denied) (served, both sides) (some freed) (South, slaves) • Native Americans (neutral) (stop encroachment) (Joseph Brant) (Mohawk, NY)

  5. Key People • Washington (General) (no pay) (expenses) • Arnold (traitor) (excellent officer) • Von Steuben (Prussian) (infantry) (discipline)

  6. Key Battles • Saratoga (victory) (French alliance) (protect Caribbean) • Yorktown (French) (last major battle) (English Whigs) • Treaty of Paris (officially ended war) (dealt w/English) (Mississippi R.) (English, leave U.S.) (U.S., Loyalists)

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