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Psychology

Psychology. Skinner to Maslow. Psychologists classify mental disorders into three categories: 1 st – Neuroses: Individuals experience high level of anxiety or tension in coping with their daily lives. Panic attacks, phobias, obsessive-compulsivity disorder. TREATING MENTAL DISORDERS.

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Psychology

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  1. Psychology Skinner to Maslow

  2. Psychologists classify mental disorders into three categories: • 1st – Neuroses: • Individuals experience high level of anxiety or tension in coping with their daily lives. • Panic attacks, phobias, obsessive-compulsivity disorder. TREATING MENTAL DISORDERS

  3. 2nd – Psychoses: • Disconnection from the real world and may suffer delusions or hallucinations and requires treatment so they can live a normal life. • Example: Paranoia: irrational thoughts of persecution or foreboding. • Schizophrenia: a complex disorder that leads to feelings of stress and social isolation. Mental Disorders

  4. 3rd - Anti-Social Personality Disorder • A habitual pattern of rule-breaking and harming others. • Symptoms include pathological lying, absence of empathy, deliberately causing pain, lack of feelings of guilt. Treating Mental Disorders

  5. Burrhus Frederick (B.F). Skinner (1904-1990) • American, Behavioural psychologists • Learning experiments on animals-rats and pigeons. • Believed that experiments on animals could reveal insight applicable to humans. FOUNDATIONAL PYSCHOLOGISTS

  6. Learning can be programmed by whatever consequences follows a particular behaviour. • People repeat behaviour that is rewarded and avoid behaviours that are punished. • “The Behaviour of Organisms” (1938) Theory of Operant Conditioning

  7. The rats learned through trial and error to press the appropriate lever whenever they are hungry or thirsty. • People could be conditioned to behave in certain ways by giving them rewards when they displayed good behaviour and withholding rewards when they displayed bad behaviour. The “Skinner box”

  8. Behavioural modification is possible through exploration and treatment of the unconscious mind. • Success in therapy relied on ability of therapists to correctly understand how the personality was formed in the human mind. • Two types of Individuals: • Introverts • Look inward for well-being • Loners • Extroverts • Draw others close for well-being • Outgoing Psychological Well-being

  9. American Psychologist known for his analysis of human needs. • “Hierarchy of human needs in Motivation and Personality” (1954) and “Toward a Psychology of Being” (1962). • Human needs range from basic survival to love and esteem. • The satisfactions of needs leads us to the next phase. • People who have been unable to satisfy their need for esteem are unable to focus on the common need of all and therefore, cannot integrate and make whole the personality. Abraham Maslow

  10. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

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