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III. THE AGE OF NAPOLEON

III. THE AGE OF NAPOLEON. A. The Age of Napoleon. 1. Early Life – Born in Corsica from a minor nobility family. Went to military school. Very devoted to his goals. 2. Military Success – Rose quickly though the ranks. Won a series of battles in Italy.

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III. THE AGE OF NAPOLEON

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  1. III. THE AGE OF NAPOLEON

  2. A. The Age of Napoleon • 1. Early Life – Born in Corsica from a minor nobility family. • Went to military school. Very devoted to his goals. • 2. Military Success – Rose quickly though the ranks. • Won a series of battles in Italy. • Was in charge of an army attacking Britain in Egypt at the time of the overthrow of the democracy.

  3. 3. Consul and Emperor – Helped set up the new government called a consulate. In theory was a republic but in fact Napoleon held absolute power. He was called First Consul. In 1801, named First Consul for life, and in 1804, he was crowned Emperor.

  4. Napoleon Bonaparte Jacques-Louis David painting of the coronation

  5. B. Napoleon’s Domestic Policies • 1. Peace with the Church One of first moves was to establish peace with the Catholic Church. • In 1804, came to an agreement which recognized Catholicism as the religion of the majority of the French people. Called the Concordat of 1804.

  6. 2. Codification of the Laws Most famous domestic achievement was to codify the laws. Seven law codes were created, but the most important was the CIVIL CODE or Napoleonic Code. Preserved many of the principles that the revolutionaries had fought for.

  7. 3. A New Bureaucracy Is also well known because he created a strong , centralized administration. Focused on developing a bureaucracy of capable officials. Promotions based on ability. Created a new aristocracy based on meritorious service to the nation.

  8. 4. Preserver of the Revolution? In domestic policy he did keep some major reforms of the revolution. Did destroy some, like liberty.

  9. C. Napoleon’s Empire • Known most through military and foreign affairs. • 1. Building the Empire When he came into office, France was in war with European coalition. His army ended up defeating this coalition – His grand army. His Grand Empire was composed of three parts:

  10. a. French empire- The French empire was the inner core of the Grand empire. • b. Dependent states- Dependent states were kingdoms ruled by relatives of Napoleon. • c. Allied states. Allied states were countries defeated by Napoleon and then forced to join his struggle against Britain.

  11. 2. Spreading the “principles of the Revolution’ • Within his empire he sought to spread some of the principles of the revolution including legal equality, religious toleration, and economic freedom. The spread of French revolutionary principles was an important factor in the development of liberal traditions of these countries. Two major reasons to help the empire collapse are the next two points.

  12. 3. British Resistance • He was never able to conquer Britain because of its sea power. • He turned to his CONTINENTAL SYSTEM to defeat Britain. The aim of this system was to stop British goods from reaching the European continent to be sold there. It also failed.

  13. 4. Nationalism • Is the sense of unique identity of a people based on common language, religion, and national symbols.

  14. D. the Fall of Napoleon • Began in 1812 when he decided to invade Russia • Disaster in Russia • Russia had refused to remain in continental system, so Napoleon felt he had to invade. Grand Army of more than 600,000 soldiers hoped for a quick victory over the Russians. • Russia refused to do battle instead they retreated into their land and took supplies as they went.

  15. Scorched earth policy followed. • Grand Army reaches Moscow and finds it ablaze. Winter came and the Russians decided to attack. Napoleon lost many men on the retreat. • It led other European states to rise up and attack the crippled French army. Napoleon was captured and sent onto exile on the island of Elba.

  16. 2. The Final Defeat • Louis XVIII put on throne and he had little support. People asked for Napoleon back. Russia, Great Britain, Austria and Prussia responded to his return. • Napoleon raised an army to defend against these countries. At Waterloo, Belgium he was defeated one last time. This time he was sent to St. Helena in the south Atlantic. He remained in exile until his death.

  17. Section 3 Review • Napoleon’s birthplace • Corsica • Napoleon’s unified law system • Civil code • Napoleon’s military force was called what? • Grand Army • Napoleon’s Continental System was designed to stop this countries trade with Europe • Britain’s

  18. Section 3 Review • Napoleon’s relatives ruled • Dependent states • Napoleon’s agreement with the Catholic Church did all of the following(3 things) • Recognized Catholicism as the majority religion of France • Made those who had purchased church land his supporters. • Restored some stability to France

  19. Section 3 Review • Napoleon’s Civil Code treated women like what? • As less than equal to men • Promotion within Napoleon’s government and military was based on what? • Ability • Napoleon’s final defeat • Waterloo • Napoleon’s government after 1799 • The consulate

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