Lifelong Learning: Styles and Approaches

1. Lifelong Learning: Styles and Approaches Nancy Clark, MEd Director of Medical Informatics Education Carol Painter, PhD Director of Student Counseling Services

2. Objectives Students will • Demonstrate knowledge of learning styles, preferences or strategies to facilitate lifelong learning • Identify his or her learning styles and describe how this applies to your preferences of study strategies • Utilize reflection to identify areas of needed growth and development and establish clear learning goals • Establish a method of ongoing self-assessment of learning needs which includes constantly and accurately assessing the state of his or her knowledge and experience base

3. FSU CoM Competency • Practice-based learning and improvement: • Demonstrate knowledge of learning styles, preferences or strategies to facilitate lifelong learning. • Professionalism • Formulate and use strategies to support life-long learning to remain current with advances in medical knowledge and practice (e.g., medical information data bases), utilizing technology to record, research, present, critique and manage medical information.

4. What is Medical Informatics?

5. Health (Medical) Informatics • Medical Informatics is the branch of science concerned with the use of computers and communication technology to acquire, store, analyze, communicate, and display medical information and knowledge to facilitate understanding and improve the accuracy, timeliness, and reliability of decision-making. Warner, Sorenson and Bouhaddou, Knowledge Engineering in Health Informatics, 1997

6. Longitudinal Theme of Integrated Informatics Curriculum • Information management and Computer skills to support • Lifelong Learning • Education • Research • Communications • Patient Care

7. Goals of Informatics Curriculum • Create independent, lifelong learners • Who keep up to date • Excellent problem solvers • Who integrate evidence into clinical decision making • Who practice information mastery • Value instant access to latest, high quality information • Who practice continuing quality improvement

8. Computer Skills Survey Results

9. Class Demographics

10. Learning Styles and Approaches How is this a predictor of your success in medical school and long term as a physician?

11. Learning Styles and Approaches • Learning Styles Inventories • http://www.med.fsu.edu/informatics/ • Lifelong Learning • Where did these inventories originate? • What are some learner characteristics? • What are your characteristics? • How can you leverage your characteristics for success?

12. Physicians Reactions to LS • Think non-judgmentally • Appreciate differences • Patient Care and education • Practice management & administration • Medical Education Thompson, H. & Bing-you, R. (1998) Physicians’ reactions to learning style and personality type inventories. Medical Teacher

13. Goals of Understanding LS • Short Term • Self aware • Succeed in med school • Form cohesive, productive study groups • Adapt to new learning situations • Maintain Sanity • Long Term • Life long learning • Select right specialty • Work well with healthcare team • Teach students • Educate patients • Clinical competence

14. Development -- Piaget Toddler Adult

15. Adult Learning Theory • Learning Theory • http://tip.psychology.org/index.html • Adult Learning preferences • Uses experiences of learner • Learning takes place • in context of work [patient care] • when questions are answered • the issues are applicable to work • when it doesn’t take too much time

16. Transfer of Learner Control High Student Control of Learning Low Faculty Time

17. Guess Which are Most Effective At changing physician behaviors • Attending conferences? • Reading journal articles? • Consult a colleague? • Drug rep academic detailing? • Looking up answers? • Making mistakes? • EMR guideline prompts?

18. Which method is most practical for keeping up? • Attending conferences? • Reading journal articles? • Consult a colleague? • Drug rep academic detailing? • Looking up answers? • Making mistakes? • EMR guideline prompts?

19. Lifelong Learning • Old method: read a few journal articles per week, go to conference 1/yr • Reality: Primary care docs would need over 17 hrs/day just to review reasonable and pertinent material • Even in one narrow specialty would need 6+hrs/wk • Practicing docs (all specialties) average 1-1.5 hrs/wk

20. How to Keep Up-to-Date • Effective: • Look up answers to questions as they happen on Intranet or PDA. Applicable to your practice. • Use resources that continuously monitor research and constantly update like Epocrates, PEPID, DynaMed, Essential Evidence+ • Ineffective: • Read journals (17 hours/day?) • Consult colleagues (when?) • Attend conferences (least effective)

21. Inventory of Learning Styles Felder-Silverman Model Decision Active Reflective Perception Sensing Intuitive Sensory Reception Visual Verbal Organization Sequential Global Weak Moderate Strong

22. Active vs Reflective • Tend to retain and understand information best by doing something with it—discussing, applying or explaining it to others. • "Let's try it out and see how it works" • Like to work in group • Sitting through lectures hard • Usually Extroverts • Prefer to think about it quietly first • "Let's think it through first" is reflective learner's response. • Reflective learners prefer studying alone • Are quiet in group learning situations • Usually Introverts

23. Active vs Reflective • The majority of undergraduate students are Active • 83% of college student leaders were active • 65% of Phi Beta Kappas were reflective • Around 62% med students are Active • Majority of university professors are Reflective

24. Classes to Date

25. What is Your Active/Reflective Score? • Strong Active (9-11) • Moderate Active (5-7) • Weak Active (1-3) • Weak Reflective (1-3) • Moderate Reflective (5-7) • Strong Reflective (9-11)

26. SensingvsIntuitive • like learning facts • like solving problems by well-established methods (logical) • dislike complications and surprises • want step-by-step instructions (linear) • patient with details (detailed) • Like memorizing facts and doing hands-on (procedures) work • more practical and careful than intuitors • don't like courses with no apparent connection to real world (concrete)

27. SensingvsIntuitive • prefer discovering possibilities and relationships • like innovation and dislike repetition • may be better at grasping new concepts • often more comfortable than sensors with abstractions (abstract) • tend to work faster and to be more innovative than sensors • don't like "plug-and-chug" courses that involve memorization and routine calculations

28. Sensing vs Intuitive • The majority of undergraduates are Sensing • 56% -72% college freshmen Sensing • 83% of national merit scholarship finalists were Intuitive • 92% of Rhodes Scholars were Intuitive • 75% of first year medical students are Sensing*

29. Classes to Date

30. What is your Sensing/Intuitive Score? • Strong Sensing (9-11) • Moderate Sensing (5-7) • Weak Sensing (1-3) • Weak Intuitive (1-3) • Moderate Intuitive (5-7) • Strong Intuitive (9-11)

31. Organization-- Wertheimer Gestalt Theory Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 … Big Picture Organization Global Sequential

32. Sequential vs Global • gain understanding in linear steps, with each step following logically from the previous one • follow logical stepwise paths in finding solutions • Majority of M1s are sequential • Detailed • 62% • learn in large jumps, absorbing material almost randomly without seeing connections, and then suddenly "getting it." • to solve complex problems quickly or in novel ways, but have difficulty explaining how they did it. • Want to see Big picture first. Do not like details.

33. Classes to Date

34. What is your Sequential/Global Score? • Strong Sequential (9-11) • Moderate Sequential (5-7) • Weak Sequential (1-3) • Weak Global (1-3) • Moderate Global (5-7) • Strong Global (9-11)

35. Personality Types -- Jung Myers-Briggs Orientation Extrovert Introvert Perception Sensing INtuitive Judgment Thinking Feeling Organization Judging Perceiving ENFP ISTP INTJ

36. Extrovert or Introvert? • Extrovert • Introvert

37. Sensing or Intuitive? • Sensing • Intuitive

38. Thinking or Feeling? • Thinking • Feeling

39. Judging or Perceiving? • Judging • Perceiving

41. Sensory Reception Preferences Auditory Visual Reading/Writing Kinesthetic

42. On the Sensory Preference test, which was your strongest preference? • Reading/Writing • Listening/Aural • Interactive/Kinesthetic • Visual/Sight

43. Visual vs Verbal • Visual learners remember best what they see--pictures, diagrams, flow charts, time lines, films, and demonstrations • 80% students are visual • Verbal learners get more out of words--written and spoken explanations • 20% are verbal

45. Tablet PC as Visual Learning Aide • Case Solver for Windows Journal • Pelley’s model • Link on LLL web page

46. Classes to Date

47. What is your Visual/Verbal Score? • Strong Visual (9-11) • Moderate Visual (5-7) • Weak Visual (1-3) • Weak Verbal (1-3) • Moderate Verbal (5-7) • Strong Verbal (9-11)

48. We need a Group, Now What Carol A. Painter, PhD

49. Review of Group Benefits • Everyone brings something to the party • Promotes active learning => mastery • Supports long-term memory and understanding • Allows for monitoring and assessment of knowledge • Develops problem-solving and critical thinking skills • Encourages collaboration

50. Review of Best Group Practices • Utilize the Godfather Principle • Limit the size • Members have basic similarities and preferences • They have structure and purpose • They don’t add more to your plate