Spanish Conquest in the Age of Exploration

1. soaps2

2. S – Who is the Speaker? • Who is the voice that tells the story?

3. O – What is the OCCASION? • What are the time, place, and setting of the piece?

4. A -- Who is the AUDIENCE? • To whom is the piece directed?

5. P -- What is the PURPOSE? • What is the purpose or reason this piece was written?

6. S -- What is the SUBJECT of the piece? • What are the general topics/ideas contained in the text?

7. Summarize the piece • Write a brief summary of the piece and explain it

8. Age of Exploration Magellan Spanish Conquistadors Mayans Incas Aztecs Hernan Cortez Francisco Pizzaro

10. Spanish Conquest • 1519-1532 • Spanish and Portuguese conquests in the Caribbean led to further explorations inland • Landing and exploring Venezuela, Hispaniola, Cuba, Puerto Rico, and many other Caribbean Islands • Portugal focused their attention further south in Brazil, Uruguay, and Argentina

12. Settlement and further explorations • Many commissioned explorations were sent into mainland Mexico • Met with resistance by Aztec civilization • Native civilizations in Central and South America were as large and as populous as those in Europe • Aztec Empire populated Mexico • Mayan Empire in Southern Mexico and Central America • Inca Empire in South America

13. Hernan cortes • In 1519 the Mayor of the Spanish capital of Cuba went on an expedition to the interior of Mexico • Hernan Cortes travelled from Cuba into Mexico where he went on to conquer Native American tribes • He first landed in Vera Cruz in the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico and conquered the Mayans • He then marched inland toward the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan in central Mexico

16. Conquering the aztecs • Cortes arrived in Tenochtitlan, the Aztec capital, and met with the king of the Aztecs, Montezuma • Montezuma welcomed Cortes • Offered the Spanish gifts of gold • Allowed them to stay inside the city • Believed Cortes was a God, or messenger of the Gods • Revolts broke out when Montezuma is killed by a Spaniard • Cortes wins a battle with the Aztecs, conquers Tenochtitlan, and renames the city Mexico City in the name of the Spanish Empire

19. Pizarro and the incas • First excursions into South America led to the creation of the my of El Dorado • A legend about a golden city in South America • Caught the attention of Spanish explorer Francisco Pizzaro • Pizzaro had previously been a part of a group that crossed the isthmus of Panama • In 1524 he led an expedition into South America

20. Pizarro and the incas • Pizzaro’s first expedition was a failure • In 1526 he led a second expedition along the Pacific coast of South America and found many indigenous villages with gold, silver, and emeralds • After meeting with Ferdinand of Spain he was commissioned to invade Ecuador and Peru • Led third and final expedition in 1530 • After exploring into the interior of South America, including Ecuador and Peru, he found that the Incan people were in the middle of a civil war

21. Francisco Pizzaro

22. Pizarro and the incas • Pizzaro met with the King of the Incas, Atahualpa • Atahualpa refused the Spanish as peaceful allies • A battle between Pizzaro and the Spanish vs. Atahualpa and the Incas • Pizarro was drastically outnumbered (500 vs. 80,000) but still defeated the Incas • Why? • Pizarro holds Atahualpa hostage • Atahualpa promises to fill a room with gold and two rooms with silver • Pizzaro still executes Atahualpa and invades the capital city of the Incas, Cuzco

24. Pizzaro conquers the incas • Pizzaro quickly attacks the capital city, Cuzco • Conquers the remaining Incas • Executes their king, Atahualpo for killing Pizzaro’s brother in battle • Founded the city of Lima, in 1535 • Lima remains the capital of Peru today