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CH.17 Classification & Taxonomy

CH.17 Classification & Taxonomy. TAXONOMY. TAXONOMY: A field of biology that identifies and classifies organisms. Classification Tools: Shared characteristics Evolutionary relationships. Development of a Classification System. Carolus Linnaeus was a Swedish biologist.

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CH.17 Classification & Taxonomy

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  1. CH.17 Classification & Taxonomy

  2. TAXONOMY • TAXONOMY: A field of biology that identifies and classifies organisms. • Classification Tools: • Shared characteristics • Evolutionary relationships

  3. Development of a Classification System • Carolus Linnaeus was a Swedish biologist. • He developed the classification system that is the basis for the system used today. • Established a system of groups called TAXA (singular: taxon) • Arranged from broadest to most specific groups • Contained 5 levels and only 2 kingdoms (Plant & Animal)

  4. Modern Classification System • Has Seven Levels • KINGDOM – broadest level king • PHYLUM – divisions w/in the kingdom Phillip • CLASS came • ORDER over • FAMILY for • GENERA (singular: genus) good • SPECIES – most specific spaghetti • Species can interbreed and produce offspring

  5. Binomial Nomenclature • Binomial Nomenclature is “two-name naming” • It was developed by Carolus Linnaeus • It is based on Latin names (b/c Latin is not a spoken language, therefore the meanings are NOT likely to change)

  6. Scientific Name • An organism’s scientific name consists of its genus name followed by its species name • Genus first & capitalized; species second & not capitalized • BOTH WORDS MUST BE UNDERLINED OR IN ITALICS • Ex) Homo sapien or Homo sapien

  7. Dichotomous Key • Dichotomous Key: a set of paired statements that can be used to identify organisms. • Choose one statement from each pair that best fits the organism • After each choice, you are directed to the next set of statements you should use • When you have made all the choices needed, you will arrive at the name of the organism or group to which it belongs. • Copy down example from the board

  8. The Six Kingdoms • Archaebacteria • Found in extreme environments; gave rise to eukaryotes; ancestors of protists • Eubacteria • Common environments; gave rise to eukaryotic cell organelles • Protista • “catch-all kingdom”; protozoa, algae, H2O & slime molds • Fungi • Mushrooms, yeasts, & molds (have cell walls made of chitin) • Plantae • Multicellular photosynthetic organisms (mosses, ferns, flowers, & trees); have cell walls made of cellulose • Animalia • multicellular • Has about 1million known species; DO NOT PHOTOSYNTHESIZE

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