GEANT 4 simulation of energy deposited in KASCADE-Grande detectors

1. GEANT 4 simulation of energy deposited in KASCADE-Grande detectors , , , , Department of Physics, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania Carpathian Summer School of Physics 2012

2. Contents: • Motivation • KASCADE-Grande experiment • Grande detector station • Geant4 simulation of the energy deposit spectrum • Parameterization of the energy deposit spectrum • Conclusions, remarks and perspectives

3. 1. Motivation The study of cosmic rays aims to determine as precise as possible the type, energy and angle of incidence of the primary cosmic radiation. This can be done by determining the particle densities at ground level, in this case by estimating the energy deposited in the scintillators. Energy deposition spectrum depends only on the particle type, angle of incidence and secondary particle energy (independent on the EAS development). A GEANT simulation for the interaction between all the secondary particles and the detectors will take a huge amount of time(for each EAS observed)! A parameterization of the energy deposit can speed up the process (if it can be done precisely).

4. 2. KASCADE-Grande experiment KASCADE-Grande experiment setup

5. 3. Grande detector station Picture of a Grande station Schematic representation of the 16 detectors inside

6. 3. Grande detector station Geant4 simulation of a Grande station Walls: 3935 X 4502 X 2216 Wall thickness: 1.73 mm Box: 900 x 900 x 50 mm Pyramide: 900 x 900 mm base: 300 mm high - wall thickness: 1 mm (steel) Scintilator : 80 x 80 x4 cm Polyviniltoluene

7. 4. Geant4 simulation of the energy deposit spectrum Simulation of the Energy deposition spectrum for the most common particles in EAS

8. 4. Geant4 simulation of the energy deposit spectrum

9. 4. Geant4 simulation of the energy deposit spectrum

10. 4. Geant4 simulation of the energy deposit spectrum

11. 4. Geant4 simulation of the energy deposit spectrum

12. 5. Parameterization of the energy deposit spectrum

13. 5. Parameterization of the energy deposit spectrum Example of Landau fit over the main peak ( 500 GeV, 0°-70°)

14. 6. Conclusions, remarks and perspectives Variation of the σ parameter of the main Landau distribution with the energy and angle of the incident muons.

15. 6. Conclusions, remarks and perspectives • The energy deposition spectrum can be deconstructed in simple distributions (Exponential, Landau, Gauss etc.). • This procedure has been done before using GEANT3 and without taking into consideration the concrete floor of the station. • A fast Monte Carlo simulation can be done after the variation of all the parameters of the energy deposition spectrum are known. • This method will be 100-1000 times faster than a GEANT simulation, so the energy deposited in the detectors can be computed for all the secondary particles generated in a EAS that reach the ground.