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Ronald Reagan

Ronald Reagan. Speech to National Association of Evangelicals: “Evil Empire” speech, March 10, 1983. Reagan’s View of the USSR. Alexander Haig 1981-1982. George Shultz 1982-1989. Realist Secretaries of State. The Problems. Third Wave of Marxism Viet Nam Syndrome Decade of Neglect.

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Ronald Reagan

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  1. Ronald Reagan

  2. Speech to National Association of Evangelicals: “Evil Empire” speech, March 10, 1983 Reagan’s View of the USSR

  3. Alexander Haig 1981-1982 George Shultz 1982-1989 Realist Secretaries of State

  4. The Problems • Third Wave of Marxism • Viet Nam Syndrome • Decade of Neglect

  5. 1. Third Wave of Marxism • Cambodia, Viet Nam • Angola, Ethiopia, Mozambique • Afghanistan • Nicaragua and leftist revolution in El Salvador

  6. Third Wave of Marxism

  7. Solution to Third Wave: Reagan Doctrine Nicaragua Contras

  8. Afghanistan Mujahadin

  9. Angola • UNITA’s Jonas Savimbi

  10. 2. Viet Nam Syndrome • Fall of Saigon, April 29, 1975

  11. Solution to Viet Nam Syndrome: Use Force • Libya 1981

  12. Grenada 1983

  13. Beirut 1983

  14. 3. Decade of Neglect From: ARMING AMERICA: Attention and Inertia in U.S. National Security Spending http://dept.lamar.edu/polisci/TRUE/True_art_tlp.html

  15. Soviet ICBMs 1980s-90s • From, US Dept of Defense, Soviet Military Power, 1987: http://www.fas.org/irp/dia/product/smp_87_ch2.htm

  16. Solution to Decade of Neglect • Source: Center for Defense Information 2004 Yearbook (http://www.mtholyoke.edu/~jephrean/classweb/United%20States.html)

  17. Strategic Defense Initiative Reagan’s SDI speech, March 23, 1983 From: http://www.milnet.com/pentagon/spacecom/sdi.gif

  18. Political/Cultural Effects

  19. Case Study of Reagan DoctrineNicaragua

  20. Anastasio Somoza Pres. of Nicaragua Daniel Ortega, leader of the Sandinistas Revolution in Nicaragua

  21. Contras

  22. Key Phrase of 2ndBoland Amendment: (1984-1986) ''No funds available to the Central Intelligence Agency, the Department of Defense or any other agency or entity of the United States involved in intelligence activities may be obligated or expended for the purpose or which would have the effect of supporting, directly or indirectly, military or paramilitary operations in Nicaragua by any nation, group, organization, movement or individual.'‘ From: NY TIMES on line: http://www.nytimes.com/1987/07/16/world/iran-contra-hearings-text-of-key-amendment.html?pagewanted=1; For Excerpts and explanation, from US Government Accountability Office – GAO, http://redbook.gao.gov/14/fl0067296.php

  23. Contra Scandal Private US $ Foreign Gov’t $ Contras Swiss bank accounts; controlled by Oliver North of NSC Staff

  24. Some Congressional Restrictions on Arms Sales in 1980s Arms Export Control Acts • No arms sales to nations determined to be sponsors of terrorism (US State Dept determines which nations fit into this category; it included Iran) • No arms sales of over $25 m in value without congressional approval (1974); A 1976 bill lowered this to $14 m for sophisticated weaponry and $50 m for other items • Both the House and Senate would have to reject the arms sales

  25. The Iran Contra Scandal Contras Private US $ Foreign Gov’t $ $$$ Hostages weapons weapons Swiss bank accounts; controlled by North Iran US Israel

  26. The Fight Over the Contras William Adm. John Lt. Col. Casey Poindexter Oliver North

  27. Big Picture Issue Congress has the power to restrict US government spending Can the President ignore those restrictions? Can President ignore aspects of law President does not agree with? If so, does Congress have any role to shape foreign policy? If so, do we have checks and balances?

  28. The End of the Cold War Leonid Yuri Konstantin Brezhnev Andropov Chernenko 1964-1982 1982-1984 1984-1985

  29. New Soviet Leadership General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev Foreign Minister Eduard Shevardnadze

  30. Gorbachev’s New Thinking Perestroika: Restructuring Glasnost: Openness Foreign Policy 1987: Intermediate Nuclear Force (INF) Treaty 1990: Conventional Forces in Europe (CFE) Treaty 1991: Strategic Arms reduction Treaty (START) Treaty

  31. Berlin Wall 1989

  32. The USSR “Empire”

  33. August 1991and the Fall of USSR Boris Yeltsin

  34. Why did the USSR collapse? Why did the Cold War end?

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