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Ronald Reagan

Ronald Reagan . By Gaubriel Mortensen, Gabriel Little, and Erynn Hanley . Today’s Overarching Learning Target . What were the major characteristics of the conservative Reagan Revolution? . Entry Task .

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Ronald Reagan

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  1. Ronald Reagan By Gaubriel Mortensen, Gabriel Little, and Erynn Hanley

  2. Today’s Overarching Learning Target What were the major characteristics of the conservative Reagan Revolution?

  3. Entry Task • On the back of your Take 5, Get 5 worksheet write down what you believe the meaning of this painting is. (Hint: The painting is from Léon, Nicaragua).

  4. Early Life • Ronald Reagan was born in Tampico, Illinois on February 6, 1911. • During high school he was on the football, basketball, track, and swim team. He also took part in many school plays. • In addition he was President of the Student Council. • He worked his way through college by washing dishes and working as a lifeguard in the summer to pay for what his scholarship did not. Reflecting on his childhood Reagan wrote, “I realize now that we were poor, but I didn’t know it at the time.” Reagan working as a lifeguard in the summer. Reagan speaks at his college graduation. Reagan playing football.

  5. Young Adulthood • In 1932 after he graduated from Eureka College he became a sports announcer for WOC in Davenport, Iowa. • Then, in 1937 he went to California to report on the Chicago Cubs spring training. While working as an announcer he did a screen test for Warner Brothers Studios. That same year he signed a contract with them. From 1937-1964 he made more than fifty movies. • In 1942 he entered the United States Army Air Force while World War II was raging. Reagan and James Dean acting in a story entitled “The Dark Dark Hours.” Reagan working as a radio, sports announcer.

  6. Marriages • Reagan married actress Jane Wyman in 1940. In 1948 they divorced. • While Reagan was president of the Screen Actors Guild (SAG) he met future wife, Nancy Davis. Reagan and Nancy Davis cutting their wedding cake in 1952. Reagan with first wife, Jane Wyman, and daughter Maureen Elizabeth.

  7. Early Involvement in Politics • When Reagan was young he held liberal views, however, over the years his views became increasingly more conservative. • In 1962 Reagan officially switched parties and registered as a Republican. • In 1964 Reagan gained national political attention when he spoke on behalf of Republican Presidential nominee, Barry Goldwater. • He was elected governor of California in 1966 and served until 1975. Reagan campaigns for Democratic nominee Harry S. Truman in 1948. Reagan campaigns for Republican nominee Barry Goldwater in 1964.

  8. How many films did Reagan appear in? • 3 • 99 • 27 • 50+

  9. Reagan was once the governor of this state. • Illinois • Indiana • California • New Jersey

  10. Presidential Attempts • Reagan tried multiple times to win the Republican Nomination for President, however, he failed. Then, in 1979, he announced his candidacy. • Finally, in 1980 he easily won the Republican Nomination for President, and George H. W. Bush was nominated for Vice President. • At the Democratic National Convention President Jimmy Carter was renominated. • The campaign was filled with charges on both sides. Reagan argued that Carter’s Administration did not improve inflation, unemployment, or America’s economic condition in general. • On the other hand, Carter questioned Reagan’s ability to fulfill his promises: to balance the budget, reduce taxes, and increase defense spending simultaneously. He argued that the numbers did not add up. • Nonetheless, Reagan won the election by a large margin. Carter (left) and Reagan (right) debating the economic and political state of America.

  11. The Beginning of Reagan’s Presidency • Reagan immediately worked to fulfill his campaign promises. Just one month after he was sworn in, he proposed an economic plan that reduced spending on many economic programs that helped the suffering in society, such as welfare and unemployment. This allowed for possible increases in defense spending. • The most significant act to be passed in Congress was the Economic Recovery Act of 1981. This act allowed the latter economic plan to be fully implemented. • For the fiscal year of 1982 this reduced individual and corporate income taxes by about $33 billion. This was the largest cut in income taxes in American history. Reagan explains the tax cuts in proportion to the average American family’s income.

  12. A Failing Economy • In 1981, a recession occurred that forced Congress to reform the Economic Recovery Act of 1981. Inflation had slowed considerably, yet many businesses were forced to go bankrupt. This in turn caused a surge in unemployment. • During this time massive amounts of money were still being spent on defense, leading to an increase in the federal budget deficit. • In 1982 Congress approved tax increases that totaled nearly $91 billion. This was the largest tax increase in American history. In spite of Reagan’s desperate attempt to save the economy, unemployment rose to 11 percent, the highest rate since 1941. The deficit also reached a record high of $110.7 billion. • By 1983 the economy was in the early stages of recovery, yet the federal deficit reached another record high of $195 billion. In 1984 the economy flourished, however, the deficit continued to rise.

  13. What did Reagan do between 1981 and 1982? • Passed the Civil Rights Act • He was responsible for both the largest tax cut and largest tax increase in American history. • Negotiated with Gorbachev • Shot his friend, Harry Whittington, while hunting

  14. Who served as Reagan’s vice president? • James Baker • George H. W. Bush • Donald Regan • Dick Cheney

  15. “Speed it up.” Video Clip

  16. Criticism • Reagan fell under heavy criticism from African Americans, women, and environmentalists. Reagan’s critics held massive protests. Police often treated protesters brutally to discourage further protests.

  17. Acts that Changed America • Garn-St. Germain Depository Institution Act of 1982 • Job Training Partnership Act of 1982 • Social Security Amendments of 1983 President Reagan signing the Social Security Amendments Act of 1983 on the south lawn.  Reagan signing the Garn-St. Germain Depository Institution Act on October 15, 1982.

  18. Assassination Attempt • On March 30, 1981, John Hinckley attempted to assassinate Reagan. He was shot in the chest, but doctors were able to remove the bullet. • He was able to fully recover and resume his position as Commander in Chief. John Hinckley Hinckley allegedly shot at Reagan to impress actress, Jodie Foster.

  19. Attack on Reagan

  20. Who tried to kill Reagan? • Thomas O'Neill • Morton Downie Jr. • John David Stutz • John Hinckley Jr.

  21. “Peace through Security” • During Reagan’s presidency the U.S. stockpiled missiles, bombers, and other weapons. Reagan believed in “peace through security.” • He thought that the Soviet Union had military advantages over the U.S. To reduce nuclear arms America and the Soviet Union held talks, however, they failed. • Shortly after these talks Reagan supplied allies in Western Europe with nuclear missiles. This in turn increased tension between America and the Soviet Union. This graph compares the number of warheads the U.S. and the Soviet Union had at a given time.

  22. American Involvement In Lebanon • Reagan also tried to stop fighting in Lebanon. In June 1982, Israel invaded Lebanon because the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) attacked settlements in Israel. Many of the PLO members were in Lebanon because they had left Israeli-controlled land in 1948 during the Arab-Israeli War. • In August of 1982, the Reagan Administration helped remove the PLO units from Lebanon. • In the following years Marine Corps units were sent to Lebanon to help achieve peace. However, in 1983, 241 U.S. troops died in Lebanon as a result of a terrorist attack on the Marine headquarters. A Hezbollah bomber struck a U.S. Marine base outside Beirut on Oct. 23, 1983.

  23. Under the Pretence of Protection • In the early 1980’s Cuba and the Soviet Union were giving weapons to the government of Nicaragua and the rebels in El Salvador. Under the pretence that a rebellion could occur in Nicaragua or El Salvador, America began supplying the rebels in Nicaragua and the government of El Salvador with weapons. • In 1983 the Grenadian rebels overthrew the government on the island of Grenada in the Caribbean. Reagan ordered the invasion of the island to protect Americans there. American troops, along with soldiers from six other Caribbean nations, defeated the rebel group. This is a poster inviting people to join in a demonstration to protest Reagan’s use of our military for his own purposes.

  24. Reagan vs. Mondale • In 1984 Reagan and Bush won the renomination at the Republican Convention. In a landslide they won the Presidential Race against Democrat Walter Mondale. In the 1984 election Reagan was favored in all the states except Minnesota.

  25. How many U.S. troops died in Lebanon? • 10,000 • 367 • 58 • 241

  26. How many terms did Reagan serve as president? • 1 • 2 • 4 • 8

  27. The End of the Cold War • During his second term Reagan met with Mikhail Gorbachev several times. One of the most significant meetings occurred in 1987 when Gorbachev visited the United States. During this visit both Reagan and Gorbachev signed a treaty to eliminate all U.S. and Soviet ground-launched nuclear missiles with ranges of 310 to 3,420 miles. • In a speech on June 12, 1987, at Brandenburg Gate near the Berlin Wall, Reagan asked Gorbachev to tear down the Berlin Wall. Due to growing unrest in East Germany, the Berlin Wall was opened on November 9, 1989. By the end of the year official plans to demolish the wall were in place, however, the German people had already began to take down the wall themselves. In 1991 the Communist government fell in Germany. Reagan and Gorbachev shaking hands at the American-Soviet summit in Washington, D.C., in 1987. A young man begins to tear down the Berlin Wall.

  28. “Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall!”

  29. Reagan Moves to Combat Terrorism • In the 1980s terrorism became an increasing threat to national security. In October 1985, Reagan boldly ordered that U.S. Navy Jets stop an Egyptian Airliner that had a group of Palestinian terrorists on board. The U.S. Navy forced the hijacked aircraft to land in Sicily. Upon landing the terrorists were immediately arrested. President Reagan meeting with Afghan Muiahideen leaders in the Oval Office in 1983.

  30. Iran-Contra Affair • Many Americans lost faith in the Reagan Administration when the Iran-Contra Affair came to light. The United States sold weapons to Iran and used the profits to fund the Nicaraguan rebels, also called contras. Both operations were carried out secretly by the National Security Council (NSC). • In November 1986, the public discovered this dark secret. The administration claimed the weapons sales were to help free Americans held hostage by Lebanese terrorists friendly to Iran. Due to the arms sales three hostages were released. Nevertheless, American policy forbade the sale of arms to courtiers associated with terrorist organizations. Also, during this time Congress had banned military aid to contras. Reagan supported the sale of weapons; however, he claimed he did not know the profits were being used to aid contras. This political cartoon makes light of the Iran-Contra Affair

  31. The Persian Gulf Incident • In 1987, to complicate shipping in the Persian Gulf, Iran laid out a series of mines. They also fired at American ships and aircrafts in that area. In response Reagan ended U.S.-Iranian trade in May 1987. • As the U.S.S. Stark was patrolling the gulf, it was hit by two missiles. This killed 37 crew members. Iraqi officials brushed it off as a mistake. • However, equally as bad, the U.S.S. Vincennes shot down a civilian plane killing 290 innocent passengers. The U.S. also claimed this was a mistake, saying they thought it was a warplane. The U.S.S. Stark after being hit by two missiles.

  32. What caused many Americans to distrust President Reagan? • He said, “You can tell a lot about a fellow's character by his way of eating jellybeans.” • He was unable to end the Cold War. • He fell asleep in public. • The Iran-Contra Affair

  33. In 1983, who did Reagan meet with in the Oval Office? • Afghan Muiahideen leaders • Nikita Khrushchev • Ngo Dinh Diem • Tom Cruise

  34. Reagan’s Battle Against Alzheimer’s • In 1994, it was discovered that Reagan had early signs of Alzheimer’s disease. • However, some historians believe he may have had Alzheimer’s while still in office. There were times when he would forget what he was talking about. Some of the time he even struggled to string a coherent sentence together. In addition, he fell asleep in public several times. On June 5, 2004, he died from complications due to Alzheimer’s. The casket of former President Ronald Reagan lies in the National Cathedral during his State Funeral June 11, 2004, in Washington D.C. Reagan is laid to rest during a sunset funeral at the Reagan Library in Simi Valley, California.

  35. Ronald Reagan was the _____________ president of the United States. • 20th • 30th • 40th • 50th

  36. Which event occurred during Reagan's presidency? • Sandra Day O'Connor named first woman Supreme Court Justice • Attempted assassination • Iran-Contra Scandal • all of the above

  37. Exit Task Question What were the major characteristics of the conservative Reagan Revolution?

  38. Works Cited "Reagan, Ronald Wilson." The World Book Encyclopedia 2011. Vol. 16. Chicago: World Book, 2011. 164-70. Print.

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