Model-based design for decision making

1. Model-based design for decision making Bergseth E., Söderberg A., Sellgren U.,Möller B.,Wahlström J.and Johansson K.* KTH Machine Design & *Scania Scholarship of Teaching and Learning March 16, 2017

2. What is a model? • F = ma Scholarship of Teaching and Learning March 16, 2017

3. Model • A model is a simplified representation of an object or a process. A model is a mental, physical or virtual cognitive tool. With the term model we limit our scope to computer-based models. • In the context of Engineering Design, a model is a cognitive tool with the purpose to assist the process! Scholarship of Teaching and Learning March 16, 2017

4. Whyis model-based design? • Model-based design enables simulation-driven product development (or virtual product development). Scholarship of Teaching and Learning March 16, 2017

5. ANSYS GEOMETRY CONTACT PRESSURE, WEAR PROPAGATION, VOLUME LOSS WEAR LAW TEST CYCLE Scholarship of Teaching and Learning March 16, 2017

6. product requirements product/unit integration validation verification analysis raw design fine design system- level integration validation verification analysis raw design fine design subsystem-level integration validation verification analysis raw design fine design single part realisation level mechanics electronics informatics, I&C V-model – a structured sequence of activities VDI 2206 guideline Scholarship of Teaching and Learning March 16, 2017

7. Background • The Machine section at KTH was founded in 1910 as one of seven sections. At that time it was a 3 year program with 85 students. Scholarship of Teaching and Learning March 16, 2017

8. Background The purpose of this study is to map how model-based design is educated, trained and used for decision making 140 students yearly Engineering Design master programs: 1st cycle 2nd cycle 80-100 students yearly Scholarship of Teaching and Learning March 16, 2017

9. Approach • Do we have the same view on model-based design? • Do we provide the best conditions to prepare for master level studies? • Will we better engage and challenge 1st cycle students by introducing model-based design? • Can we see a pattern by just studying the course plans? Scholarship of Teaching and Learning March 16, 2017

10. Approach • Eight course syllabuses in total have been analysed. • Wording were quantitatively measured in the learning outcomes. • Bloom’s taxonomy was used to identify verbs to describe student learning. • Course descriptions were qualitatively assessed. Scholarship of Teaching and Learning March 16, 2017

11. 8 course syllabuses analysed (mandatory courses 1st and 2nd cycle) Scholarship of Teaching and Learning March 16, 2017

12. Wording related to model-based design- What does these words mean? • Model – a simplified representation of an object or a process • Tool – a design can be supported by software tools such as CAD • Method – a structured sequence of activities, e.g. VDI 2206 guideline • System – an aggregation of components that work together to fulfil a common function • Simulation – experimenting with a model Scholarship of Teaching and Learning March 16, 2017

13. 1st cycle 2nd cycle Scholarship of Teaching and Learning March 16, 2017

14. Examples of re-formulatedlearningoutcomesin 1st cyclecourses • Original: Apply 3D-CAD for drawing, 3D illustration and for higher grade be able to animate the illustration. • Re-formulated: Model a system using a CAD tool to communicate product manufacturing information and system behaviour. • Original: With given cooling conditions estimate the temperature of an electric motor for some time after a known load is applied. • Re-formulated: Model temperature change in an electrical motor system. • Original: Be able to choose the appropriate standard components and common construction materials. • Re-formulated: Fulfill system design criteria's by selecting appropriate machine components using standard methods. Scholarship of Teaching and Learning March 16, 2017

15. Bloom’staxonomySummary of verbs found in all 8 learning outcomes Scholarship of Teaching and Learning March 16, 2017

16. Bloom’staxonomy% of learning levels Remembering Understanding Applying Analyzing Evaluating Creating Lowerlevel Higherlevel Bloom B. S. and Krathwohl, Taxonomy of Educational Objectives: The Classification of Educational Goals, by a committee of college and university examiners. Handbook I: Cognitive Domain. New York, Longmans, Green, 1956. Scholarship of Teaching and Learning March 16, 2017

17. 1st and 2nd cycle • LowerleveloflearningHigherleveloflearning Scholarship of Teaching and Learning March 16, 2017

18. 1st and 2nd cycle Scholarship of Teaching and Learning March 16, 2017

19. Reflections • It was found that modeling is seldom used in the 1st cycle courses even when a course makes use of modeling to predict or understand a specific behaviour. • Physical and computer models should be used in concert already in 1st cycle courses. • At 2nd cycle courses, models are used to a much greater extent. • Learning outcomes can be re-formulated using words linked to model-based design. Scholarship of Teaching and Learning March 16, 2017

20. Furtherwork • Is it necessary and possible to include the “big picture” already in the first cycle courses, i.e. would we better meet the learning outcomes by introducing model-based design in first cycle courses? • Interview teachers and students. • Work with the CDIO curriculum-design perspectives. Scholarship of Teaching and Learning March 16, 2017

21. Thanks! Scholarship of Teaching and Learning March 16, 2017