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Plant-Environment Interactions: Abiotic Factors and Adaptations

Understand the intricate relationships between plants and the environment, exploring abiotic factors such as light, heat, and soil features, and how plants adapt to survive. Discover the ecological amplitude of plant species and their tolerance to stressors.

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Plant-Environment Interactions: Abiotic Factors and Adaptations

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  1. RELATIONS BETWEEN PLANTS AND THE ENVIRONMENT Výukový materiál EK 01 - 01 Tvůrce: Mgr. Šárka Vopěnková Tvůrce anglické verze: ThMgr. Ing. Jiří Foller Projekt: S anglickým jazykem do dalších předmětů Registrační číslo: CZ.1.07/1.1.36/03.0005 Tento projekt je spolufinancován ESF a SR ČR 2014

  2. ecology: • deals with mutual relations between organisms and the environment • ecologic factors: • a) abiotic factors • b) biologic factors RELATIONS BETWEEN PLANTS AND THEENVIRONMENT

  3. it includes influences of abiotic environment • climatic: • light, heat, precipitation, atmosphere • topographic: • geographic location, altitude, relief • edaphic: • soil features ABIOTIC FACTORS

  4. stress factors = stressors: • unfavourable influences of the external environment • they endanger plants • tolerance of plants: • different ability to endure influences of the external environment • ecological amplitude of the species: • the scale of tolerance to a particular factor ABIOTIC FACTORS

  5. ecological amplitude of the species: • euryec – species with broad ecological amplitude • stenoec – species with narrow ecological amplitude • e.g. goosegrass species has broad ecological amplitude ABIOTIC FACTORS

  6. light and heat • only a small part of radiation is used by plants for the photosynthesis jen malé množství záření 1 – 2 %!!! • e.g.. photosynthetical active radiation (PHAR) > wave-length 400 – 700 nm • according to the adaptation of leaves to the light conditions: • a) heliophila (sun-loving plants) – Mexican needle grass (Stina tenuissima), English sundew (Drosera anglica) • b) shadow-loving plants –wood sorrel, ferns ENERGETIC FACTORS

  7. temperature – an important factor • plants in the mild zone can stand the temperature between – 5o C and + 50o C > eurytherm plants • stenotherm plants: • they live in extreme conditions • algae in hot springs • algae in snow or ice fields ENERGETIC FACTORS

  8. oxygen: • 21 % • reduced content of oxygen > limiting factor for the growth of roots • carbon dioxide: • 0,036 % • the only direct source of oxygen for the production of biomass • input into the atmosphere > soil breathing, breathing of living plants, fungi and animals ATMOSPHERIC FACTORS

  9. pollution of the atmosphere • the conclusion of the human economic activity • emission • imission • water: • it has a very fast circulation in ecosystems • hydrophyta – water lily • hygrophyta – yellow flag (yellow iris) • mezzophyta – bluegrass • xerophyta – succulents ATMOSPHERIC FACTORS

  10. more stable environment than atmosphere • rhizosphere: • soil space attached to plant roots • influenced by root excretion • it influences the soil quality • it depends on: • supply and a accessibility of nutrients • pH • the amount of nitrogen • water supplementation • aerating SOIL FACTORS

  11. oligotrophic– pine tree • mezzotrophic – grass • eutrophic – snowdrop, Turk´s cap lily • soil acidity –pH values • acidophyta – blueberry • neutrophyta – the most of our plants • alcalophyta – wall rue (asplenium ruta) SOIL FACTORS

  12. RELATIONS IN THE EXOSYSTEM

  13. WORKSHEET

  14. WORKSHEET COMPLETE THIS

  15. KINCL, Lubomír, Miloslav KINCL a Jana JAKRLOVÁ. Biologie rostlin: pro 1. ročník gymnázií. 4., přeprac. vyd. Praha: Fortuna, 2006, 302 s. ISBN 80-716-8947-5. SOURCES

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