The Initiative for a A United Nations Emergency Peace Service

1. UNEPS The Initiative for aA United NationsEmergency Peace Service An overview of the proposal & global movement to address our five big challenges in preventing and managing armed conflict

2. 1. Preventing genocide & crimes against humanity Challenges Leading to Crisis

3. Challenges leading to crisis: 2. Preventing armed conflict

4. Challenges leading to crisis: 3. Protecting civilians at risk

5. Challenges leading to crisis: 4. Prompt start-up of peace operations

6. Challenges leading to crisis: 5. Addressing human needs in emergencies

7. A United Nations Emergency Peace Service

8. What is Proposed as a UN Emergency Peace Service? UNEPS • A permanent UN formation • A ‘first responder’ available immediately • Requires authorization by the UN Security Council • Multidimensional and multifunctional service • Military, police and civilian elements • Prepared for rapid deployment to diverse crisis • Pre-trained, well-equipped 16,000 personnel

9. What is Proposed as a UN Emergency Peace Service?(Structure) UNEPS • Co-located at a new UN base • Static operational headquarters • Two mobile field headquarters • Integrated, modular formation • Robust security • Civilian police • Skills and services to address human needs

10. Office of SRSG Pers 3 MIL, 2 POL, 10 CIV. -Senior MILAD, POLAD & CIVAD -Policy & Legal EMC Liaison Cell: DPA, DPKO, OCHA,UNHCR, Field Log & National Support DEPLOYABLE ELEMENTS SRSG Annex A Operational Level UN Emergency Peace Service Permanent Operational Level Headquarters and Base Personnel: 270 MIL 40 POL 1540 CIV OPERATIONS Pers 100 MIL Pers 25 POL Pers 25 CIV -Contingency -Contingency -Contingency Planning Planning Planning -Operations -Operations -Operations -Training -Training -Training -Logistics -Personnel -Personnel -Personnel -Legal Advisors -Advisors [Joint 24/7 OPS Cell] SUPPORT Pers 50 MIL, 10 POL&CIV Pers 100 MIL, 1500CIV -Contingency Move -Administration Planning -Personnel -Staging -Housing -Mission Support -Finance -Rotation/Augmentation -Host Nation Support Planning -Airlift/Sealift Contracting -Deployable Movement Support Teams Military Staff CIVPOL Staff Civilian Staff Deployment Cell Base Support & Infrastructure TRAINING Pers 5 MIL, 2 POL., 2 CIV Pers 10 MIL, 2 POL, 2 CIV Pers 4 MIL, 2 POL, 4 CIV -Ongoing Development of -Set & Assess Standards -Long-Term Planning Doctrine -Course & Curricula -Lessons Learned -SOPS Development -Multidisciplinary -ROE Options -Training & Exercises Think Tank -Interoperability Doctrine Training Standards Research & Analysis Military Police Civilian

11. Annex B. Composition of Deployable Elements for a UN Emergency Peace Service(assume 2 MHQ with 2 complete formations)(assigned to UN Base under a Static Operational HQ and 2 Missions HQs)Total Personnel in Each: MIL 5000, CIV 304, POL 400 Deputy/SRSG Military&Police Commander MIL-1 x 250 Pers CIV-1 x 20 Pers POL- 1 x 20 Pers MSN HQ Includes:Military, Police and Civilian StaffPolitical and Legal AdviceTranslation/Comms/Signals/Intell.Defense & Security PlatoonNGO Liaison Team Mission HQ (Tactical) Mission HQ (Tactical) Technical Recce Unit Technical Recce Unit Civilian Police Companies Technical Recce Unit Civilian Police Companies Technical Recce Unit MIL- 4 x 50 Pers Augmented by CIV Civilian Police Companies POL- 3 x 125 Per Light ArmouredRecceUnit Disaster Relief & Humanitarian Assistance Team Light ArmouredRecceUnit Disaster Relief & Humanitarian Assistance Team MIL- 2 x 150 Pers CIV- 2 x 30 Per Motorized Light Infantry Battalion Human Rights Monitors & Educators Motorized Light Infantry Battalion Human Rights Monitors & Educators MIL- 2 x 600 Pers CIV- 2 x 10 Per Amoured (Wheeled) Infantry Battalion Amoured (Wheeled) Infantry Battalion Conflict Resolution Teams MIL- 2 x 600 Pers Conflict Resolution Teams CIV – 2 x 10 Pers MIL-450 Pers 2 flights of 8 utility Helis 1 flight of 3 Heavy Lift Helis 1 flight of Armed Scout Helis Peacebuilding Advisory Teams Helicopter Squardron CIV- 2 x 10 Pers CIV- 10 Pers DDDRRR team Engineer Battalion MIL-500 Pers -3 Field Squadrons -3 Support Troops Environmental Crisis Response Team CIV- 10 Pers Logistics Battalion MIL- 1 x 500 Pers CIV- 100 Pers Medical Teams MIL-400 Pers -Forward Surgical Teams Public Affairs Medical Unit CIV- 2 x 10 Pers Public Affairs

12. UNEPS Key Components A ‘UN 911’ designed to be: • A complement to existing arrangements (UN, national, and regional) • A ‘lead service’ or ‘first-responder’ • Deployable within 48 hrs, sustainable for 6 months • Competent in diverse emergencies • A cost-effective investment for ‘we the people’ and the international community

13. Criteria for Deployment(short list) UNEPS • An emergency or complex emergency only; • Authorization from the UN Security Council; • A clear & viable mandate with appropriate ROE & SOFAs; • A reasonable expectation of success; • A high probability of augmentation, prompt arrangements for extraction after six months, with (or without) rotation & sufficient support.

14. UNEPS is for Emergencies only UNEPS Definitions of an ‘emergency’: • a serious situation that happens unexpectedly and demands immediate action. • a sudden, volatile crisis, with an urgent need for action or assistance. Definition of a “complex emergency”: • A crisis typically characterized by: extensive violence and loss of life; massive displacements of people; widespread damage to societies and economies; the need for large-scale, multi-faceted humanitarian assistance; the hindrance or prevention of humanitarian assistance by political and military constraints; and, significant security risks for humanitarian relief workers in some areas.”

15. Additional Criteria (for Deployment of UNEPS) UNEPS • there must be a just cause; • intervention must be undertaken with a right in­tention; • it should occur only when there is an immediate, evident threat (of armed conflict or gross violations of international humanitarian and human rights law); • the means employed must be proportional to and consistent with the ends sought; and (6) there needs to be a reasonable prospect of success. • N.B. For UNEPS to work rapidly, the fourth criteria from the report of the ICISS, stipulating intervention should only arise as a last resort, once all other options were exhausted must be modestly revised to account for emergencies.

16. Recruitment & Personnel Selection UNEPS • Merit and professionalism • Universal representation • Gender equitable representation • Not national/political affiliation • Contracted and assigned • Extensive preparation/training • Reliability, readiness, dedication • Flexibility in managing diverse assignments • Paid, full-time (UN Civil Servant)

17. Recruitment: Is This Really Credible or Any Improvement? As noted in the 1995 Canadian report, Towards A Rapid Reaction Capability For The United Nations: “As professional volunteers develop into a cohesive UN force, they can assume responsibility for some of the riskier operations mandated by the Council, but for which troop contributors have been hesitant to contribute. UN volunteers offer the best prospect of a completely reliable, well-trained rapid reaction capability. Without the need to consult national authorities, the UN could cut response time significantly, and volunteers could be deployed within hours of a Security Council decision… No matter how difficult this goal now seems, it deserves continued study, with a clear process for assessing its feasibility over the long term.” ... “No matter how difficult this goal now seems, it deserves continued study, with a clear process for assessing its feasibility over the long term.”

18. Process for Recruitment UNEPS • Similar to all UN civil-servants; • Specific positions would be advertised world-wide; • Individuals submit an application, including their resume and credentials for specific skills, training and experience for employment within UNEPS; • A specific UN recruitment team would be developed to: review applications, verify qualifications, interview, screen, test and assess competence, as well as dedication prior to selecting any for employment in UNEPS.

19. Why this Model for UNEPS? • Alleviates pressure on national governments • Builds on and beyond the existing UN foundation to complement UN and regional arrangements • Universal composition to ensure universal legitimacy • Advanced training, equipment and standards to ensure cohesive sophisticated service

20. Why this Model for UNEPS? • Corresponds to requirements of UN missions • Provides useful incentives to address human needs • Assures services to restore law and order • Maintains robust disincentives to dissuade or deter and repel further violence • Ensures a more rapid, reliable, effective response when the need is imminent

21. Why this Model for UNEPS? UNEPS • Provides a dedicated, ‘lead service’; a ‘first responder’ for the critical, initial 4-6 months of complex peace operations. • Functions until replacement/rotation needed and secured from multinational contingents • Provides a modular formation that can be tailored • Cost-effective and a sound investment for saving lives and money

22. UNEPS would Help Reduce: • Number of armed conflicts and war crimes • Massive suffering and violent deaths • Size, duration and number of peacekeeping operations • Pressure on national governments and national armed forces to contribute in the high-risk, critical start-up phase of operations • High costs associated with violent conflict and post conflict reconstruction

23. Applicability If available, where & when? UNEPS • Rwanda • Srebrenica • East Timor • Haiti • Sierra Leone • The Democratic Republic of the Congo • Darfur • Cote D’Ivoire • Libya

24. ApplicabilityWhere now or soon? UNEPS We don’t know, but it’s conceivable that such a need will arise within: • Libya • Bahrain • The Sudan and Darfur • The Democratic Republic of the Congo • Somalia • Myanmar With accelerated climate change leading to flooding, there is the prospect of vast desperation and massive refugee flows into weak states. It is now difficult to ignore the probability of a higher incidence of armed conflict. We are not prepared!

25. Any wider potential? UNEPS Possibly, an ‘over-the-horizon security guarantor’ to initiate a much-needed process to facilitate: • Wider disarmament • Wider development • Wider efforts at environmental protection • Global Human Security How?

26. Any Wider Potential? UNEPS Yes! “There is an inseparable relationship between the scaling down of national armaments on the one hand and the building up of international peacekeeping machinery and institutions on the other. Nations are unlikely to shed their means of self-protection in the absence of alternative ways to safeguard their legitimate interests. This can only be achieved through the progressive strengthening of international institutions under the United Nations and by creating a United Nations Peace Force to enforce the peace as the disarmament process proceeds.” U.S. State Department, "Freedom From War", 1961

27. To date, representatives of diverse sectors in the South and North agreed that: • Concept is far more appealing • Case is more compelling • Model is more appropriate • UNEPS has more potential

28. UNEPS Research UNEPS There is a need for further work to: • identify and elaborate upon the various requirements at the political, strategic, operational and tactical level; • provide detail on the projected start-up costs, as well as annual recurring costs and deployment costs of a UNEPS; • develop a coherent strategic plan.

29. The UNEPS Initiative(Global Coalition Building) UNEPS Insufficient leadership, support & funding There is a need to: • Ensure a more inclusive process; • Expand global educational outreach; & • Build networks among civil society and member states.

30. UNEPS Potential Attract and mobilize • people • organizations • governments Support • partnerships • global network

31. Objectives for 2011 UNEPS • Educational outreach; • Ongoing research to detail requirements; • Generate constituency world-wide at all levels; • Be prepared for a favorable moment soon.

32. Ideas don’t work unless we do!Together, we might make a difference…Your Thoughts & Questions?

33. Credits Special thanks for permission to use photos is extended to: The United Nations Human Rights Watch Genocide Watch Presentation created by: Dr. H. Peter Langille, Global Common Security.org Robbyn Evans, rae Communications.com