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Neurology Issues

Neurology Issues. Study data suggest that increased levels of dietary _______ may protect against dementia. (A) Coenzyme Q10 (B) Resveratrol (C) Selenium (D) Iron. Answer. (B) Resveratrol.

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Neurology Issues

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  1. Neurology Issues

  2. Study data suggest that increased levels of dietary _______ may protect against dementia.(A) Coenzyme Q10 (B) Resveratrol (C) Selenium (D) Iron

  3. Answer • (B) Resveratrol

  4. Which of the following is characteristic of the behavioral changes that occur with the onset of dementia?(A) Difficulty learning new skills (B) Self-awareness of cognitive deficits (C) Loss of long-term skills (D) Loss of short-term memory

  5. Answer • (C) Loss of long-term skills

  6. The differential diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment includes all the following, except:(A) Depression(B) Stress(C) Adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(D) Progressive supranuclear palsy

  7. Answer • (D) Progressive supranuclear palsy

  8. All the following are psychosocial issues that must be addressed in dementia patients, except:(A) Family education and support (B) Short and long term disability (C) Driving privileges (D) Patient’s insight into his or her disease

  9. Answer • (D) Patient’s insight into his or her disease

  10. Identify the incorrect statement about structural imaging of the brain in the diagnosis of mild cognitiveimpairment.(A) Clearly indicated when there are focal neurologic findings(B) Essential for making the diagnosis(C) Indicated in patients with risk factors for cerebrovascular disease(D) Single-photon emission computed tomography gives a functional assessment of brain activity

  11. Answer • (B) Essential for making the diagnosis

  12. Which of the following may be the first symptom of an underlying neurologic voice disorder?(A) Hoarseness (B) Weak voice (C) Fatigue during speech (D) Any of the above

  13. Answer • (D) Any of the above

  14. Other concurrent symptoms that may support the diagnosis of a neurologic voice disorder include which of thefollowing?(A) Torticollis (B) Ptosis (C) Fasciculations (D) Any of the above

  15. Answer • (D) Any of the above

  16. Bowing of the vocal folds can be seen in the normal aging process.(A) True (B) False

  17. Answer • (A) True

  18. According to the Mayo Clinic classification, hypernasality is a classic symptom of _______ dysarthria, while astrained and strangled voice is characteristic of _______ dysarthria.(A) Flaccid; spastic (B) Spastic; flaccid

  19. Answer • (A) Flaccid; spastic

  20. Patients with _______ dysarthria are often perceived as being angry.(A) Hyperkinetic (B) Ataxic or cerebellar (C) Spastic (D) Hypokinetic

  21. Answer • (C) Spastic

  22. Patients with migraine headaches showed superior responses when:(A) Stratified based on level of disability before treatment is prescribed(B) Stepped through different treatments before proceeding to migraine-specific therapies

  23. Answer • (A) Stratified based on level of disability before treatment is prescribed

  24. Patients with infrequent headaches (10 headache days per month) should attempt dosing with triptans _______ after thefirst symptoms of a migraine appear.(A) <2 hr (B) <1 hr (C) <30 min (D) <15 min

  25. Answer • (B) <1 hr

  26. The peripheral pain associated with migraines is associated with inflammation and vasodilation in the:(A) Dorsal raphe (B) Sphenopalatine ganglion (C) Meninges (D) All the above

  27. Answer • (C) Meninges

  28. Chronic daily headaches may be prevented by:(A) Selecting correct medications (B) Reducing repeat dosing (C) Reducing medication overuse (D) All the above

  29. Answer • (D) All the above

  30. Prophylaxis of migraines requires a minimum of _______ of treatment to produce benefit.(A) 1 yr (B) 6 to 8 mo (C) 2 to 3 mo (D) 2 to 4 wk

  31. Answer • (C) 2 to 3 mo

  32. Statins show the greatest benefits when treating patients at risk for:(A) Atherosclerosis (B) Embolic stroke (C) Hemorrhagic stroke (D) All the above

  33. Answer • (A) Atherosclerosis

  34. Research supports lowering low density lipoprotein to _______ in patients with multiple risk factors for stroke.(A) <130 mg/dL (B) <100 mg/dL (C) <70 mg/dL (D) <45 mg/dL

  35. Answer • (C) <70 mg/dL

  36. Statins have been shown to reduce the thickness of arterial plaques in patients with asymptomatic atherosclerosis of thecarotid artery.(A) True (B) False

  37. Answer • (A) True

  38. The endothelial effects of statins include:1. Upregulation of nitric oxide2. Reduced coagulation3. Positive effects on oxidative stress4. Increased platelet function5. Reduced inflammation after myocardial infarction and stroke(A) 1,2,5 (B) 1,2,3,4 (C) 2,3,4,5 (D) 1,2,3,5

  39. Answer • (D) 1,2,3,5

  40. Statins may improve outcomes in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhages by reducing:(A) Cerebral vasospasm(B) Expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase protein(C) Low density lipoprotein levels(D) All the above

  41. Answer • (A) Cerebral vasospasm

  42. Cluster headaches (CH) are extremely rare in patients younger than:(A) 45 yr of age (B) 35 yr of age (C) 25 yr of age (D) 16 yr of age

  43. Answer • (D) 16 yr of age

  44. Stimulation of the _______ mimics the clinical symptoms of CH by activating autonomic structures connected to the eyeand nose.(A) Mandibular nerve (B) Pterygopalatine ganglion (C) Descending palatine nerves (D) Trigeminal ganglion

  45. Answer • (B) Pterygopalatine ganglion

  46. Initiation of the pain process involved in CH:(A) Relates to the dilation of blood vessels(B) Is a hypothalamically mediated event(C) Proceeds through the trigeminal system(D) All the above

  47. Answer • (D) All the above

  48. Plasma levels of _______ increase rapidly during CH attacks.(A) Endorphins (B) Enkephalins (C) Dynorphins (D) A and B

  49. Answer • (D) A and B

  50. Which of the following classes of medications may exacerbate the biochemical irregularities seen in patients with CH?(A) Analgesics(B) Opioids (C) Calcium channel antagonists (D) beta-blockers

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