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Periodic Table Basics

Dive into the fundamentals of the periodic table in Episode 402. Learn about periods (rows) which indicate energy levels and the principal quantum number. Explore the significance of groups (columns) including alkali, alkaline earth metals, transition metals, and more. Understand valence electrons and their role in element reactivity. Discover the positioning of metalloids, nonmetals, noble gases, and rare earth metals, and their unique properties. Enhance your knowledge of chemical elements and their behavior in this comprehensive overview.

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Periodic Table Basics

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  1. Periodic Table Basics • Period • Row on the periodic table • Tells energy level • Principal Quantum Number Episode 402

  2. Number the periods 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Episode 402

  3. Periodic Table Basics • Period • Row on the periodic table • Tells energy level • Principal Quantum Number • Family or Group • Columnon the periodic table • For columns 1-2and 13-18,the number in the one’s place represents number of valence electrons Episode 402

  4. Number columns and indicate # of valence electrons 1 18 1 2 13 17 2 3 3 12 4 5 6 7 Episode 402

  5. Periodic Table Basics • Metalloids • Have properties of both metals and non-metals • semiconductors • Border zig-zagline (except Al, which is a metal) Episode 402

  6. Mark the zig-zag border and label metalloids 1 18 1 2 13 17 B 2 Non-metals 3 3 12 Si 4 Ge As metals 5 Sb Te 6 Po At 7 Episode 402

  7. Solids, Liquids, or Gases 1 18 All other elements are solids. 1 H 2 13 17 He B N O F Ne 2 3 3 12 Si Cl Ar Br 4 Ge As Kr 5 Sb Te Xe 6 Hg Po At Rn 7 Episode 402

  8. ALKALI METALS Group 1 • Hydrogen is not a member, it is a non-metal • 1 electron in the outer shell • Soft and silvery metals • Very reactive, esp. with water • Conduct electricity http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=6ZY6d6jrq-0 Episode 402

  9. ALKALINE EARTH METALS Group 2 • 2 electrons in the outer shell • White and malleable • Reactive, but less than Alkali metals • Conduct electricity http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B2ZPrg9IVEo&feature=player_embedded Episode 402

  10. TRANSITION METALS Groups 3-12 • Good conductors of heat and electricity. • Some are used for jewelry. • The transition metals are able to put up to 32 electrons in their second to last shell. • Can bond with many elements to form a variety of compounds. Episode 402

  11. BORON FAMILY Group 13 • 3 electrons in the outer shell • Most are metals • Boron is a metalloid Episode 402

  12. CARBON FAMILY Group 14 • 4 electrons in the outer shell • Contains metals, metalloids, and a non-metal Carbon (C) Episode 402

  13. NITROGEN FAMILY Group 15 • 5 electrons in the outer shell • Can share electrons to form compounds • Contains metals, metalloids, and non-metals Episode 402

  14. OXYGEN FAMILY Group 16 • 6 electrons in the outer shell • Contains metalloids, and non-metals • Reactive Episode 402

  15. Halogens Group 17 • 7 electrons in the outer shell • All are non-metals • Very reactive are often bonded with elements from Group 1 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u2ogMUDBaf4&feature=player_embedded Episode 402

  16. Noble Gases Group 18 • Exist as gases • Non-metals • 8 electrons in the outer shell = Full • Helium (He) has only 2 electrons in the outer shell = Full • Not reactive with other elements Episode 402

  17. Rare Earth Metals • Some are Radioactive • The rare earths are silver, silvery-white, or gray metals. • Conduct electricity Lanthanides Actinides Episode 402

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