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Academic and policy research on homonegativity and acceptance in the Netherlands

Academic and policy research on homonegativity and acceptance in the Netherlands. Agnes Elling United against homophobia in sports : The role of academic and policy based research in Europe. Types of research.

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Academic and policy research on homonegativity and acceptance in the Netherlands

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  1. Academic and policy research onhomonegativity and acceptance in the Netherlands Agnes EllingUnited againsthomophobia in sports: The role of academic and policybased research in Europe

  2. Types of research 1. Academic research mainlysocio-critical and post structuralist (eg. Caudwell): - socialexclusion of LGBT’s - (de)construction of gender and sexuality - partlyaction research (cf Anderson)2. Policybased/oriented research: - LG(B) sport participation and experiences - acceptance LG(B)-inclusion in sport (straight perspective) - (international comparative) policyinterventions - descriptive - effect studies  

  3. Dutch policybasedacademic research fundedbyMinistries of Sports (VWS) and/orEmancipation (OCW) - LG (B) sportsparticipation and experiences of discrimination: - University of Amsterdam - Hekma (1998) - Mulier Institute - Janssens et al (2003), Elling & Van den Dool (2008), Elling et al, 2010) - Social and Cultural Planning Office (Bos, 2006; Kooiman, 2012)- acceptance LG(B) inclusion in sport (straight perspective) - Mulier Institute - Elling & Van den Dool (2008), Elling et al, 2010)

  4. Findings Dutch research quantitative and qualitative - General acceptancehomosexuality in Dutch society ánd sport - Somestructuraldifferences in sportsparticipation: especially gay men lessactive in club and team sports- General experiences of conditionalacceptance: avoidance of perceived intolerant places (sportophobia)- General climate of gendernormativity: ‘butches’ and ‘sissies’ leastaccepted

  5. Sportsparticipation, bygender /sexuality 2010 (n=474), %

  6. Openness and experiencedsafety, homo/bisexual sport participants (n=474), bygender and sexuality (% agree)

  7. Opinions Dutch sports participants (> 11 times a year) (n=1.110), %

  8. ‘In my sport group it is not uncommon that jokes or remarks are made about homosexuals’ Dutch population active within a sports group 15-70 year (n=847), in % (totally) agree

  9. ‘In competitive club sport, male homosexuality is still a big taboo’ by gender and sexuality, in % (totally) agree

  10. Findingsethnographicstudy mens’ sport team (n=164 observations) • 2/8 heterosexual and 5/11 homosexualparticipatoryobservershardly/nohomosexualrelatedcomments • Someother teams ‘gay’ as generalfiller: “After a winning match: ‘This was a goodone, gays’” (Diederik, straight, baseball) • Butmainlysimilar to ‘weak’/’effeminate’:“To a opponent wholay down afteranoffence: ‘Heyfag, get up” (Cees, gay, football)“Sungabout the goal keeper of the opponent who blow driedhishairafter the game: ‘He is queer’.” (Maarten, straight, handball).

  11. Tough ‘jokes’, violence “About a commonaquaintance of two team members: ‘hereally has becomesuch a faggot, reallydisgusting, ehhhhhhh’.” (Niek, gay, korfball) “Don’t look at me likethat, youpervert”“You have to go to changing room three” “OtherbenchHessel!”(Hessel, gay, rugby; remarksafter coming out)“At the victory party of the club I nearly was beatenbecausesomeguys had toldtheir team memberthat I fanciedhim. He grabbed me and I was luckythathis team members held him, otherwise I would have gotten a few blows.” (Victor, gay, quittwith baseball)

  12. Discussion Ideologies, Facts and Interpretations Who is on turn? - gay men coming out - makingsports culture more inclusive What kind of studies/data are lacking - in your country? - in Europe? Is Europeanpolicyoncombatinghomophobia in sportsbasedon sound research?

  13. Agnes Elling-Machartzkia.elling@mulierinstituut.nl

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