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Hyphens

Hyphens. Hyphens. By Joanna McDowell. When do we use hyphens?. Range of numbers Compound numbers Fractions Certain prefixes and suffixes Compound nouns Coequal nouns Compound modifiers Facilitate Reading. Numbers. Range of numbers Example: Pages 14-24 Compound numbers

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Hyphens

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  1. Hyphens Hyphens By Joanna McDowell

  2. When do we use hyphens? Range of numbers Compound numbers Fractions Certain prefixes and suffixes Compound nouns Coequal nouns Compound modifiers Facilitate Reading

  3. Numbers Range of numbers Example: Pages 14-24 Compound numbers Ex: The gym teacher demanded that the boy complete ninety-nine more push-ups even though he could hardly breathe after completing one. Fractions Ex: After pushing himself to his limits and completing fifty push-ups, the boy could not believe that he was only one-half of the way finished. Numbers

  4. Prefixes and Suffixes • Use hyphens with certain prefixes and suffixes such as: all-, anti-, ex-, mid-, neo-, post-, pre-, pro-, -elect, and self- require a hyphen. • Example: After reading a book about anti-establishment and pro-feminism ideals, Molly threw all-purpose flour at her boyfriend for saying women can never be self-employed. It is safe to say that he is now her ex-boyfriend. • Use hyphens with prefixes that come before proper nouns and dates • Examples: Anti-American, mid-1960’s • Optional to use a hyphen when the last letter of the prefix and the first word of the root word are the same. • Examples: Re-examination, re-engineer • Remember that not all words with prefixes and suffixes will require a hyphen. • Examples: antiwar, unhappy

  5. Compound Nouns Coequal Nouns Although most compound nouns are not hyphenated there are several exceptions to the rule. For example: Mr. Johnson was very proud of his great-granddaughter, who was a student-athlete and president-elect of the student council at her high school. • Use hyphens when a word has two nouns that function equally in meaning. • Examples: writer-illustrator, director-actor, librarian-professor

  6. Modifiers Use hyphens to join modifiers that precede noun Ex: Middle-class family, self-fulfilling prophecy Use hyphens to join compound modifiers in which the second word is a present or past participle. Ex: sports-loving uncle, self-motivated student, Use hyphens to join compound modifiers with numbers. Ex: second-semester senior, twentieth-century literature Use hyphens in phrases that function as modifiers. Ex: all-you-can-eat buffet, over-the-counter medication Compound Modifiers

  7. Facilitate Reading Use hyphens to avoid confusion, misreading, and awkward spelling. Ex: Sharon had to re-sign the paper because she used pencil and not pen. Ex: semi-independent not semiindependant

  8. Activity Find several 3hyphenated words in your article. Pick 3 words and write them on the board. Be prepared to explain to the class why they were hyphenated according to your new knowledge and mastery of hyphenations. GOOD LUCK  Newspaper Activity

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