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The Crusades: European Christian Quest for the Holy Land

Explore the historical journey of European Christians attempting to reclaim the Holy Land from Muslims during the 11th to 13th centuries. Learn about the background, key events, and impacts of the Crusades on Europe. Discover the rise and fall of powerful empires, conflicts, and advancements in weaponry during this turbulent period of history.

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The Crusades: European Christian Quest for the Holy Land

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  1. CH 9, Sect. 5 – The Crusades • Crusades: From 11thC – 13thC European Christians attempted to regain the Holy Land from the Muslims. • Background: Islam was founded in the 600’s AD by the prophet Muhammad – within a few hundred years it had conquered parts of N. Africa, Arabia, SW Asia, and Persia. • There were two main Muslim empires: The Umayyads and The Abbasids.

  2. The Seljuk Turks -- Nomads who had converted to Islam , they gained power from the Abbasids around 1055 AD. • The Seljuk Turks attacked the Byzantine Empire – their goal was to capture Constantinople. • Alexius I, the Byzantine emperor asked Europe for help.

  3. Please Help! -- I am so sorry for excommunicating you… Alexius I

  4. In 1095 Pope Urban II ordered Christians in Europe to take up a “holy war” to liberate Jerusalem and the Holy Land. • The First Crusade: • Mostly French, they captured Jerusalem in 1099, after committing horrible atrocities against Muslims and Jews. • Problems: Thousands of miles away from Europe, surrounded by Muslims

  5. You need help? Really? But you excommunicated me… Urban II

  6. I say let’s help the Byzantines! (Plus it will give our knights someone to terrorize… but don’t tell anyone…)

  7. Around 1140 the Muslims began to strike back – This resulted in a 2nd Crusade, which was a total failure. • 1187 – Jerusalem was recaptured by the Muslims, led by Saladin. • The 3rd Crusade: Led by Emperor Frederick of Germany, Richard I of England, and Phillip II of France. • 3rd Crusade had limited success, but was not able to move inland against Muslim forces.

  8. FAIL

  9. FAIL

  10. Fourth Crusade: 1199, Pope Innocent III ordered the Holy Land to be retaken. • The crusader army (mostly Venetians) got into a conflict with the Byzantine Empire. • The Venetians saw this as a way to get rid of a competitor – so they sacked Constantinople in 1204. • The Children’s Crusade (5th Crusade): 1212 – read the paragraph and take two notes.

  11. O.K., let’s try this again… Innocent III

  12. FAIL

  13. Impact of the Crusades: • Italian port cites – Genoa, Pisa, Venice gain power. • Jews in Europe began to be targeted by Christians. • Feudalism began to decline due to the losses of so many knights and nobles. • Powerful nation states – Portugal, Spain, England, France emerged. • Weapons – firearms and gunpowder were obtained from the Muslims and brought to Europe. (theory, not proven)

  14. The End?

  15. The End?

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