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Enhancing Photovoltaic Efficiency with Silicon/Organic Heterojunctions

In a photovoltaic cell, opposite charges created by incident photons need to be efficiently swept to opposite electrodes to prevent recombination. Incorporating a wide band gap organic semiconductor like P3HT on silicon's surface can improve efficiency by blocking electron spillage. However, controlling defects at the Si interface is crucial for optimal performance. Princeton scientists have addressed this challenge, achieving high efficiencies (~10%) in hybrid devices with low-temperature fabrication. Organic semiconductors offer design flexibility for tuning band offsets.

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Enhancing Photovoltaic Efficiency with Silicon/Organic Heterojunctions

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  1. LUMO >> EC ΔEV Dark-current P3HT Photocurrent EC Anode n-Si ΔEC Cathode Photocurrent EV HOMO ~ EV Silicon/metal Silicon/organic Silicon/Organic Heterojunctions for Photovoltaics(DMR-0819860)NaiPhuanOng, Princeton University, DMR 0819860Princeton Center for Complex Materials (PCCM) In a photovoltaic cell, an incident photon creates an electron (black circle in top sketch) and a hole (open circle). For maximum efficiency, the opposite charges should be swept to opposite electrodes of the device (arrows) before they have a chance to recombine. The efficiency is further enhanced if a wide band gap organic semiconductor (e.g. P3HT) is grown on the surface of silicon. The wide gap (shown in red) blocks electrons from spilling into the anode. Organic semiconductors provide great design flexibility in tuning band offsets. A challenge, however, is controlling the defects (dangling bonds) at the interface with Si, which degrade device performance. PCCM scientists Sturm, Kahn, Loo and Schwartz have solved the surface passivation problem, and have achieved quite high efficiencies (~10%) in hybrid devices. An important advantage is that these devices can be made at low temperatures (<100o C). S. Avasthi, S. Lee, Y.-L. Loo, J.C. Sturm, Adv. Mat. 23,5762 (2011)

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