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Understanding Mitosis and Meiosis: Key Differences in Cell Division

Dive into the fascinating world of cell division by exploring the critical differences between mitosis and meiosis. Mitosis serves as a means of asexual reproduction and is vital for growth, maintenance, and repair, resulting in two identical diploid daughter cells. In contrast, meiosis is a sexual reproductive process that creates four genetically diverse haploid gametes, essential for genetic variability. Discover the stages of both processes, the importance of chromosome replication, and how these mechanisms contribute to life.

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Understanding Mitosis and Meiosis: Key Differences in Cell Division

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  1. Cell Division Mitosis vs. Meiosis ….the battle continues

  2. Mitosis • Type = Asexual reproduction • Growth, maintenance, and repair

  3. Cell Cycle • Interphase Cells are in interphase 90% of the time. • G1- growth • S - chromosome replication • G2- Prepare for mitosis • Mitosis (nuclear division) • Cytokinesis (cytoplasmic division)

  4. Overview of Mitosis Mama Cell=2n (diploid) Daughter cell= 2n (diploid) Daughter cell= 2n (diploid)

  5. Interphase (pre game show) • Chromosomes are copied (# doubles) • Chromosomes appear as threadlike coils (chromatin) at the start, but each chromosome and its copy(sister chromosome) change to sister chromatids at end of this phase

  6. PROPHASE CENTRIOLES APPEAR AND MOVE TO OPPOSITE ENDS OF THE CELL Spindle fibers form between centrioles

  7. METAPHASE • Chromosomes “meet” in the middle. Spindle fibers attach to the centromere of each chromosome.

  8. ANAPHASE • Sister chromatids separate from each other and are “pulled” to opposite ends of the cell.

  9. Telophase • Cell plate forms and cell membrane begins pinching in= “cleavage.” • Chromosomes look like threads (chromatin) again. Nuclear envelope forms again.

  10. Cytokinesis • Division of the cytoplasm • Cell membrane completely pinches off. • Cycle starts again.

  11. Rounds of Cell Division • One

  12. Number of daughter cells • Two, each identical to each other and the parent.

  13. Meiosis

  14. Meiosis Type: Sexual Reproduction Purpose: To create haploid gametes

  15. Meiosis • Types of cells that undergo meiosis: Gametes (sex cells) • Egg and sperm

  16. Meiosis: Overview Parent Cell: diploid= 2n After Meiosis I After Meiosis II Daughter Cells: Haploid= n ; and all genetically different from eachother and parent cell

  17. ??? Why would it be important for the gametes to contain half as many chromosomes as a somatic cell?

  18. Meiosis I Prophase I: Crossing Over occurs to create genetic variability.

  19. Meiosis I: Metaphase I • Homologous chromosomes line up in the middle different from mitosis!

  20. Meiosis I: Anaphase I • Chromosomes pull apart

  21. Meiosis I: Telophase I

  22. Meiosis II • 2nd round of division

  23. Meiosis II: Prophase II • 2 cells now • Centrioles appear and move to opposite ends

  24. Meiosis II: Metaphase II • Chromosomes line up in the middle

  25. Meiosis II: Anaphase II • Sister chromatids pull apart and move to opposite ends DRAW IT YOURSELF

  26. Telophase II

  27. Chromosome number in Meiosis • Mother cell-2n (Diploid) • Daughter cells- n (Haploid)

  28. Round of cell division • Two • Illustrate mother cell with four chromosomes (2n) and daughter cells with two chromosomes (n) in each. Make sure to include replication before meiosis I.

  29. Number of daughter cells • Four

  30. Let’s compare! • http://www.teachersdomain.org/resources/tdc02/sci/life/gen/mitosis/index.html

  31. Ticket to the Lab • Name 3 key differences between mitosis and meiosis on your foldable.

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