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Learning Target:

Learning Target:. Enzymes in Action. Learning Target #1: Enzymes. I Can … Describe the general role of enzymes in metabolic cell processes. I Will … Describe the components of metabolic chemical reactions.

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Learning Target:

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  1. Learning Target: Enzymes in Action

  2. Learning Target #1: Enzymes I Can… Describe the general role of enzymes in metabolic cell processes. I Will… • Describe the components of metabolic chemical reactions. • Describe the general characteristics of enzymes including factors that affect how enzymes work.

  3. Enzymes are the Super Heroes of Homeostasis! Why? • KEY IDEA: Life depends on chemical reactions • Metabolism – • All the chemical reactions that take place in your body and cells. • Anabolism – joining materials together • Catabolism – breaking materials apart

  4. Reactants Products Yield sign • Reactants – substances changed during a chemical reaction (Rxn). • Products – substances made during a chemical Rxn. • Chemical bonds are broken and formed. • Bond energy – energy required to break a bond between two atoms.

  5. Activation energy – energy that must be absorbed by the reactants before the chemical Rxn can take place.

  6. Endothermic Rxn – • Overall net energy is absorbed. • Reactants have low bond energy. • Products have high bond energy. • More energy must go into the reaction and is stored in the bonds of the products.

  7. Exothermic Rxn – • Overall net energy is released. • Reactants have high bond energy. • Products have low bond energy. • Excess energy goes out of the reaction while little is storedin the bonds of the products

  8. Enzymes – catalyst for living things. • Catalyst • Lowers activation energy • IsNOTa reactant or a product • IsNOT used up or changed in the reaction Catalyst ReactantsProducts • Lowers activation energy needed • Increases Rxn rate

  9. Enzymes are specific: Lock-and-Key Model Substrates/reactants bind to enzyme at active sites (binding sites on enzyme). Enzyme acts on substrate(s) and weakens bonds (bond energy) Less activation energy needed. The catalyzed reaction forms a product released from the enzyme.

  10. Denaturing Enzymes • Almost all enzymes are proteins(polypeptide chain) • Shape / folding is maintained by hydrogen bonds • Temperature and pH greatly affect enzymes • Temperatures just slightly above normal body temp will break the hydrogen bonds http://www.lpscience.fatcow.com/jwanamaker/animations/Enzyme%20activity.html

  11. Substrate Enzyme Ratio • Not enough enzyme • Optimal • Too much enzyme

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