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Edited By: Susan Radloff, MSN, RN

Is HIV and AIDS the same thing?. HIV.

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Edited By: Susan Radloff, MSN, RN

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    1. Edited By: Susan Radloff, MSN, RN

    2. Is HIV and AIDS the same thing?

    3. HIV “Human Immunodeficiency Syndrome” A specific type of virus (a retrovirus) HIV invades the helper T cells to replicate itself. No Cure

    4. AIDS Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome HIV is the virus that causes AIDS Disease limits the body’s ability to fight infection A person with AIDS has a very weak immune system No Cure

    5. Four Stages of HIV

    6. Stage 1 - Primary Short, flu-like illness - occurs one to six weeks after infection no symptoms at all Infected person can infect other people

    7. Stage 2 - Asymptomatic Lasts for an average of ten years This stage is free from symptoms There may be swollen glands The level of HIV in the blood drops to very low levels HIV antibodies are detectable in the blood

    8. Stage 3 - Symptomatic The symptoms are mild The immune system deteriorates Emergence of opportunistic infections and cancers

    9. Stage 4 - HIV ? AIDS The immune system weakens The illnesses become more severe leading to an AIDS diagnosis

    10. When to start Antiretroviral Agents No cure- goal is to prevent/delay development of opportunistic disease Recommendations: drugs should be started before CD4 cell count falls below 200 Drugs inhibit reproduction (do not kill it) Expensive

    11. Opportunistic Infections associated with AIDS Bacterial Tuberculosis (TB) Strep pneumonia Viral Kaposi Sarcoma Herpes Influenza (flu)

    12. Opportunistic Infections associated with AIDS Parasitic Pneumocystis carinii Fungal Candida Cryptococcus

    13. Modes of HIV/AIDS Transmission

    14. Through Bodily Fluids Blood products Semen Vaginal fluids Breast Milk

    15. Through IV Drug Use Sharing Needles Without sterilization Increases the chances of contracting HIV

    16. Through Sex Intercourse (penile penetration into the vagina) Oral Anal Digital Sex

    17. Mother-to-Baby Before Birth During Birth Postpartum After the birth

    18. Testing Options for HIV

    19. Anonymous Testing No name is used Unique identifying number Results issued only to test recipient

    20. Confidential Testing Person’s name is recorded along with HIV results Name and positive results are reported to the State Department and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Results issued only to test recipient

    21. Administration Blood Urine Oral

    22. Blood Detection Tests Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/Enzyme Immunoassay (ELISA/EIA) Radio Immunoprecipitation Assay/Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Assay (RIP/IFA) Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Western Blot Confirmatory test

    23. Urine Testing Urine Western Blot As sensitive as testing blood Safe way to screen for HIV Can cause false positives in certain people at high risk for HIV

    24. Oral Testing Orasure The only FDA approved HIV antibody. As accurate as blood testing Draws blood-derived fluids from the gum tissue. NOT A SALIVA TEST!

    25. Counseling

    26. Pre-test Counseling Transmission Prevention Risk Factors Voluntary & Confidential Reportability of Positive Test Results

    27. Post-test Counseling Clarifies test results Need for additional testing Promotion of safe behavior Release of results

    28. Treatment Options

    29. Antiretroviral Drugs Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase inhibitors AZT (Zidovudine) Non-Nucleoside Transcriptase inhibitors Viramune (Nevirapine) Protease inhibitors Norvir (Ritonavir)

    30. Opportunistic Infection Treatment Issued in an event where antiretroviral drugs are not available

    31. Four ways to protect yourself? Abstinence Monogamous Relationship Protected Sex Sterile needles

    32. Abstinence It is the only 100 % effective method of not acquiring HIV/AIDS. Refraining from sexual contact: oral, anal, or vaginal. Refraining from intravenous drug use

    33. Monogamous relationship A mutually monogamous (only one sex partner) relationship with a person who is not infected with HIV HIV testing before intercourse is necessary to prove your partner is not infected

    34. Protected Sex Use condoms (female or male) every time you have sex (vaginal or anal) Always use latex or polyurethane condom (not a natural skin condom) Always use a latex barrier during oral sex

    35. When Using A Condom Remember To: Make sure the package is not expired Make sure to check the package for damages Never use the condom more than once Use water-based rather than oil-based condoms

    36. Complications Vary from Patient to Patient Aids wasting syndrome Occurs in most patients with AIDS Weight loss of more than 10% of body weight Chronic weakness or fever for more than 30 days/chronic diarrhea of 2 lose stools daily for greater than 30 days

    37. AIDS DEMENTIA COMPLEX Infection of the brain/central nervous system Mild to severe Memory impairment/personality changes, hallucinations, loss of balance, slower response End Stage

    38. Question Multiple Response: Select all that apply. What should the nurse include in a teaching plan to prevent HIV infection? Caregiver may recap needles Abstain from sexual intercourse Avoid injection drug use Avoid use of male or female condoms Autologeous blood transfusions Test for HIV at time of labor

    39. Last Lecture Good luck on the Final!!!!

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