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Annexation of Hawaii

1893-1898. Annexation of Hawaii. Hawaiian-American Relationship. What American Brought. Hawaiian Contributions. Christianity Standardize Alphabet Bibles written in Hawaiian Advancement of Agriculture and Business Monogamy Ban of Alcohol Ban of Gambling . Ports for Whalers

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Annexation of Hawaii

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  1. 1893-1898 Annexation of Hawaii

  2. Hawaiian-American Relationship What American Brought Hawaiian Contributions • Christianity • Standardize Alphabet • Bibles written in Hawaiian • Advancement of Agriculture and Business • Monogamy • Ban of Alcohol • Ban of Gambling • Ports for Whalers • Sugar Plantations • Naval Base • Economic growth for Hawaiians and Americans

  3. The Tables Turn King Kalakaua died Liliuokalani took the thrown Queen Liliuokalani husbands died Weakens ties with United States Installmentof anti-American Constitution Revolution breaks outs Queen Liliuokalani September 2, 1838 - November 11, 1917

  4. The Revolution • Tour of U.S.S. Boston • Queen call of military and police forces • Minister Steven demand for marines and navy • Committee of Public Safety (COPS) forms • Queen states she could make new Constitution to the people’s desires Minister John L. Steven

  5. The Revolution Cont. . . • Head of COPS resigned and navy sent home • Queen dismissed military but not police • Minister Stevens called for navy again • Riots put down • Provisional Government set up • Queen forces surrendered • Stanford B. Dole declared President Stanford B. Dole was declared the President of Hawaii

  6. Request for Annexation • Minister Stevens asked for annexation • President Harrison begins to draft • Queen sent Paul Neumann to Washington in protest • President Harrison recognized the de facto government • Britain refused to recognize the de facto government • Sent British warship to Hawaii’s harbor • Hawaii’s public land under defense • Secretary of State John W. Foster held seven private conferences

  7. Negotiations of the Treaty • Sugar bounty • Oceanic cable • Laws and contract system • Chinese immigration Issues Secretary of State John W. Foster was the head of negotiations.

  8. Submittal of the Treaty • On 14, January, 1893, treaty submitted to the Senate • No serious opposition • Brought letter of appeal • Took advantage of sugar industry • Interfered with continental expansion • Interfered with other nations’ affairs. Paul Neumann Arrived

  9. Withdrawal of the Treaty On 9, March, 1893 President Cleveland withdrew treaty. • Jealousy • International morality • Involvement in the Revolution Reasons President Grover Cleveland

  10. Investigation of the Revolution Results • United States takeover dishonorable • Moral, racial, historical, strategic, and commercial, interference • Queen will never accept crown back under President Cleveland’s conditions James H. Blount was sent to Hawaii to investigate the Revolution.

  11. President Cleveland’s Opposition • Would not resubmit treaty • Keep image of enlightened country • Introduce restoration policy • Sherman Silver Purchase Act more important “Our country was in danger of occupying the position of having actually set up a temporary government on foreign soil for the purpose of acquiring through that agency territory which we had wrongfully put in its possession” -President Cleveland Speech to Senate 18, December, 1893

  12. Queen Liliuokalani’s Restoration • Would not accept President Cleveland’s conditions for restoration • No pardon to revolutionists • Jailed on 16, January 1895 • Next day British citizen attempt to free Liliuokalani • Provisional Government protect against attempt to reestablish monarchy • 24, January, 1895, Queen Liliuokalani abdicates her thrown • Denounce heirs • Found guilty of treason

  13. Threats from Japan • Frustrated with Hawaiian immigration laws • Hawaii reduced Japanese immigration quota • Hawaii relied on United States for protection • Sent two warships Annexationist William McKinley became President in 1897

  14. Joint Resolution • President McKinley drew up treaty • Japan wanted to included in negotiations • President Dole had to settle • Japan went to Imperial Court • United States annexation of Hawaii is illegal according to the Constitution Assistant Secretary of the Navy, Theodore Roosevelt asked President McKinley for annexation

  15. More Troubles • Preoccupied Senates attention • War with Spain • Pocket Emptier • Hawaii huge investment • Violation of the Constitution • Naval port, Pearl Harbor • Protection from Spain • Supplies needed for war • Protection from future enemies • Sugar plantations Cuban Situation of 1897 Annexationists Fight

  16. Newlands Joint Resolution • On 4, May, 1898, Francis G. Newlands submits • Allow United States to annex any land with joint resolution • On 15, June, House of Representatives passes • On 6, July, Senate passes • On 7, July President McKinley signed annexation measure Francis G. Newlands of Nevada

  17. Hawaii officially became a territory on And the fiftieth state on 12, August, 1898 21, August, 1959

  18. Conclusion

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