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Explaining Mutations in Genetic Information: Transcription and Translation

Understand the types of mutations, such as point mutations, substitutions, and frameshifts, that can occur during transcription and translation processes. Discover how these mutations impact genetic information. Learn more about silent mutations and their effects on DNA sequences.

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Explaining Mutations in Genetic Information: Transcription and Translation

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  1. BELLRINGER!! Which RNA’s are created during transcription? What are the Three steps in Translation… Explain them….

  2. Mutations 13.3

  3. Objectives Point Mutations Substitutions Silent Mutations Framshift Insertion Deletion

  4. Define Mutations- are heritable changes in genetic information. A mutation is a permanent change in the DNA sequence of a gene.

  5. Point mutations • Gene mutation in which a single base pair in DNA has been changed • 3 types: • Substitution • Silent

  6. Substitutions • One base is changed to different base. • Little to know effect • Ex: The cat ate the rat . • The Bat ate the rat. • Example:

  7. Silent Mutations The codon encodons for the same amino acid AGG to CGG both are arg Original DNA: TAC GCA TGG AAT Mutated DNA: TAC GCC TGG AAT mRNA: AUG CGG ACC UUA Protein: Met – Arg – Thr - Leu

  8. Frameshift • Insertion & Deletion are know are this. • Because they shift the “reading frame” • Meaning the amino acid is changed

  9. INSERTIONS & DELETIONS • Base pair is inserted • Effects can be dramatic • Ex: The Cat ate the rat. • The cca tat eth era t. • Base pair is deleted • Effects can be dramatic • Ex: The cat ate the rat • The ata tet her at

  10. Quick Clip showing this happening. • http://staff.tuhsd.k12.az.us/gfoster/standard/bmut.htm

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