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Types of Chemical Reactions

Types of Chemical Reactions. Classification of Chemical Reactions. Chemical reactions can be classified in one of two ways: Based on how atoms are reordered Based on how energy/ heat is transferred. Vs. 1. Synthesis Reaction (Marriage).

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Types of Chemical Reactions

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  1. Types of Chemical Reactions

  2. Classification of Chemical Reactions • Chemical reactions can be classified in one of two ways: • Based on how atoms are reordered • Based on how energy/ heat is transferred Vs.

  3. 1. Synthesis Reaction(Marriage) Two or more elements/compounds combine to form a single product. General equation:A + B  AB 2Mg + O2 2MgO  + A B AB

  4. Example: SynthesisBurning Magnesium • 2Mg + O2 2MgO(white powder) • A + B  AB

  5. Synthesis Reaction is…

  6. Synthesis Reaction is… • 8 Fe + S8 8 FeS

  7. Synthesis – Celebrity Style!! + 

  8. 2. Decomposition Reaction(The Break-up) A single reactant/compound, breaks into two or more parts. General equation: ABA + B 2H2O2  2H2O + O2 A B AB + 

  9. Example: DecompositionHydrogen peroxide on a cut • 2H2O2 2H2O +O2 • AB  A + B • Bubbles are O2 • Liquid is water. • Elephant’s toothpaste

  10. Decomposition Reaction is…

  11. Decomposition Reaction is… MgO2  Mg + O2 + 

  12. Decomposition – Celebrity Style!!  +

  13. 3. Single Replacement Reaction +   + A AC BC B A more reactive Single element replaces a less reactive element in a compound.(metal replaces another metal… a non-metal replaces a non-metal) The general equation: A + BC  AC + B (Rico Suave Scandal)

  14. Example: Single ReplacementAluminum and Copper (II) Chloride • Al + CuCl2  AlCl3 + Cu • A + BC  BA + C

  15. Example: Single ReplacementMagnesium and Hydrochloric acid • Mg + 2HCl MgCl2 + H2 • A + BC  BA + C • What do you know about Hydrogen gas!?

  16. Predicting the Products!! 2 2 2 MgCl H 2 Mg + HCl _____ + _____ If a metal will only replace a metal, and a non-metal will only replace a non-metal… then what will the products be?? Mg kicks out H so that Mg can bond with Cl. • BUT WAIT!!! H is the leader of the NOF 7 group – so it’s diatomic! • BUT WAIT!!! Is it balanced??

  17. Let’s Try to Predict a few! Mg + AlCl3 ________ + __________ Cl2 + NaBr ________ + __________ Copper(II) + silver nitrate yields … _____+ _______  _________ + _______ MgCl2 Al NaCl Br2 Ag(NO3) Ag Cu(NO3)2 Cu

  18. What type of Reaction is… • Single Replacement

  19. What type of Reaction is… +  + • Single Replacement

  20. Single Replacement – Celebrity Style!!  + +

  21. CD CB 4. Double Replacement Reaction + +  AD AB Two compounds switch partners to form two new compounds General equation: AB + CD  AD + CB KI+ Pb(NO3)2  KNO3 + PbI Note: “Metals” replace “metals” and non-metals replace non-metals Scandal of Scandals!!

  22. Example: Double ReplacementPotassium Iodide and Lead (II) Nitrate • KI(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq)  KNO3(aq) + PbI(s) • AB + CD  AD + CB 

  23. Predicting the Products!! CaCl MgSO4 MgCl + Ca(SO4)  _____ + ________ If a metal will only replace a metal, and a non-metal will only replace a non-metal… then what will the products be?? Mg kicks out Ca so that Mg can bond with SO4. • BUT WAIT!!! Make sure CaCl has the right formula. (Ca2+ … Cl1-) • BUT WAIT!!! Is it balanced?? 2 2

  24. What type of Reaction is… +  + • Double Replacement

  25. What type of Reaction is… • Double Replacement

  26. Double Replacement Reaction … (NO3)2 + I Pb K Pb(NO3)2 + K I KNO3 + PbI2

  27. Double Replacement – Celebrity Style!! ( We remade the ending…)  + +

  28. 5. Combustion Reaction C H + +  Ahydrocarbon or alcohol is reacted with oxygen gas to always form the products carbon dioxide and water. General equation: Hydrocarbon + O2  CO2+ H2O or Alcohol

  29. Example: CombustionBurning Methane (Natural Gas) • CH4 + O2  CO2 + H2O

  30. What type of Reaction is… • C10H8 + 12 O2 ---> 10 CO2 + 4 H2O • Combustion Hint: Look for CO2 and H2O as products!!

  31. Where have you heard Combustion before??

  32. 6. Neutralization Reactions + +  Unfortunately we cannot forget about neutralization reactions (a.k.a. acid-base reactions)!  Acid and a base react to form a salt and water. General equation: HX + MOH MX +H2OHCl + NaOH  NaCl + H2O Where M is a metal and X is a non-metal

  33. What type of Reaction is… • HBr + NaOH ---> NaBr + H2O • Neutralization

  34. 1. Classifying based on energy transfer

  35. Endothermic vs. Exothermic(how energy/heat is transferred) EXOTHERMIC(exo= outside)- energy is released as a product during a chemical reaction given off as heat (hot rxn!!) H2O2  O2 + H2O + Heat(heat is a product) ENDOTHERMIC (endo= inside)- energy is required (a reactant) during a chemical reaction and heat is absorbed (cold rxn!!) 2NH4 + H2O + Heat  2NH4(OH)(heat is a reactant)

  36. Endothermic Reaction:The Cold packNaCH3COO + H2O + Heat  2NH4(OH) Brrr… Sodium acetate in water

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