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The Design Process: Needs Assessment

The Design Process: Needs Assessment. Charles A. DiMarzio GEU110 Northeastern University. Needs Assessment. Implementation. Ch. 2. 11. Problem Formulation. Analysis. 8,9,10. 3, 4, 5. Abstraction and Synthesis. 6,7. The Design Process. First Step: Needs What Does This Mean?

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The Design Process: Needs Assessment

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  1. The Design Process: Needs Assessment Charles A. DiMarzio GEU110 Northeastern University Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University

  2. Needs Assessment Implementation Ch. 2 11 Problem Formulation Analysis 8,9,10 3, 4, 5 Abstraction and Synthesis 6,7 The Design Process • First Step: Needs • What Does This Mean? • It’s Not So Easy! • Examples: • Urban Transportation • Power Grid Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University

  3. Different Perspectives on Needs • The Best Solution • The Best from Where We Are • The Best We Can Afford • Good Enough • Short- vs. Long- Term Planning • eg. Buried Waste Disposal Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University

  4. Some Examples (1) • Phone Numbers • “Sally, get me Mary,” 1507M, SU7-7777 • 7, 10 and 11 digit dialing • Why the area codes • 212 = NYC, 213 = LA • 312 = Chicago, 617 = BOS • What Next? • Just for Fun for Boston People • What Were Exchange Names of 536, 262, 268? Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University

  5. Some Examples (2) • FM Radio, FM Stereo Radio • MOKE Current Sensor, Magnetometer • IVHS • Wake Vortex Avoidance • Glucose Monitor • The Video Store vs. The Net Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University

  6. FM Stereo Radio Left signal Left speaker Transmitter 1 Receiver 1 Transmitter 2 Receiver 2 Right signal Right speaker Why Not? Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University

  7. FM Stereo Radio Left speaker Left signal How it really works: 4-Way Compatible (L+R)+ (L-R) (Carrier) Transmitter 1 Receiver 1 L+R L-R Transmitter 2 Receiver 2 (Sidebands) (L+R)- (L-R) Right speaker Why? Right signal Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University

  8. Mono Transmitter Left speaker (L+0)+ (0) (Carrier) The Signal Transmitter Receiver 1 Receiver 2 (L+0)- (0) Right speaker Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University

  9. Mono Receiver Left signal (Carrier) The speaker Transmitter 1 Receiver 1 L+R L-R Transmitter 2 (Sidebands) Mono Transmitter and Receiver: An Exercise for the Interested Student Right signal Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University

  10. Other Perspectives • Market Pull vs. Technology Push • A Key Question in the Research World • Political Perspectives • Policy vs. Market • Economic Perspectives • “Don’t Make it Too Cheap” • Random Events Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University

  11. Brunelleschi’s Ox-Hoist • Firenze, Summer 1420 • What were the Needs? • How does it work? • Reference: • King, Ross, Brunelleschi’s Dome, Penguin, New York, 2001. Pg. 59. Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University

  12. Other Examples • Color TV from Black and White • 4-Way Compatibility and Bandwidth • LED’s for Efficient Illumination • The Next New Thing??? • The Color Problem? • Low Voltage DC vs. Higher Voltage AC • See Next Page Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University

  13. Lighting Efficiency 1000000 Fluorescent 94 Lumens/Watt at 7000K (Highest Efficiency) Hi Pressure Na Metal Halide 100000 683 Lumens/Watt for Green Light Lo Pressure Na Incandescent 10000 Light Output, Lumens Thanks to John Hilliar (NU MS ECE 1999) for finding lighting data from Joseph F. Hetherington at www.hetherington.com. 10 June 1998 1000 20.7 Lumens/Watt at 3000K 100 Power Input, Watts 10000 1 10 100 1000 Chuck DiMarzio, Northeastern University

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