PPA 573 – Emergency Management and Homeland Security

1. PPA 573 – Emergency Management and Homeland Security Lecture 4c – Planning, Training, and Exercising

2. Plans and Planning • Two principal approaches to planning • Military planning. • Integrated emergency management system. • Superimposing military (hierarchical) approach on state and local government can create problems. • Military organized to execute plans. • Local government is not.

3. Plans and Planning • Integrated emergency management. • IEMS supports the development of multihazard plans with functional annexes and hazard-specific appendices. • But can produce voluminous documents that make specific hazard material hard to find and implement.

4. Federal and State Requirements: Types of Plans • FEMA recommends that each jurisdiction develop a comprehensive emergency operations plan (EOP) encompassing all hazards that pose a significant threat to the community.

5. Federal and State Requirements: Types of Plans • The goals of emergency management planning at the state and local level are to: • Foster a nationwide systematic approach to state and local planning for emergency management. • Develop plans supporting a capability for prompt, coordinated response to large-scale disasters or threats simultaneously by all levels of government. • Prove a basis for assured continuity of government. • Improve the operational utility of emergency plans. • Promote uniformity of principles, policies, and concepts of operations and compatibility of organizations and systems to facilitate coordinated response. • Reduce redundancy in plan documentation.

6. Plan Format • Basic plan. • Introduction. • Purpose. • Situation and assumptions. • Concept of operations. • Organization and assignment of responsibilities. • Administration and logistics. • Plan development and maintenance. • Authorities and references. • Definition of terms.

7. Plan Format • Annexes. • Clarify basic plan where necessary. • Needs of the basic plan should govern the number and types of annexes. • Each annex should deal with a single function. • Each annex should be prepared by the agency that has responsibility for the function. • The annexes should not cover matters governed by standard operating procedures.

8. Plan Format • Types of Annexes • Direction and control. • Communications. • Warning. • Emergency public information. • Education and training. • Evacuation. • Shelter (reception and care). • Medical health.

9. Plan Format • Types of annexes (contd.). • Law enforcement. • Public works. • Fire and rescue. • Transportation. • Human services (welfare). • Reporting procedures. • Continuity of government. • Damage assessment. • Radiological defense

10. Plan Format • Appendixes. • Create implementation guides that focus on specific hazards.

11. Levels of Plans • State plan. • Regional plans and studies. • Local plans. • Departmental and support-agency plans.

12. Plan Development at the Local Level • Understand the obstacles. • Lack of planning expertise. • Lack of formal training. • The belief that planning is unnecessary. • Review and update the hazard vulnerability analysis. • Organize a planning committee. • Temporary. • Permanent.

13. Plan Development at the Local Level • Devise a schedule. • Publish a planning directive. • Purpose. • Authority. • Objectives. • Concept. • Schedule for plan development. • Organization for planning. • Assignment of responsibilities for plan development. • Development of annexes. • Review and approval. • Special instructions.

14. Plan Development at the Local Level • Evaluate the draft plan (things to consider). • Lines of authority and succession. • Ordinances. • Broadcasting emergency information. • Responses to citizens’ questions. • Evacuation of medical facilities. • Persons with special needs. • Search and rescue. • Response versus recovery planning. • Intergovernmental resource distribution. • Security. • Incident command.

15. Training • Dimensions of a training program. • Three-dimensional. • Training provided by FEMA and the state. • Internal training. • Community education. • Training support.

16. Exercising • Exercising is the primary way to test the EOP. • Detect deficiencies in the EOP. • Detect deficiencies in the overall EMS. • Identify potential personnel and staff problems. • Detect problems with the functioning and operation of equipment.

17. Exercising • Progressive exercises. • Tabletop exercise. • Scenarios on coordination and responsibility. • Functional exercise. • Three months to develop. • Direction, control, and warning functions, evaluation of EOC. • Full-scale exercise. • More than three months. • Full mobilization. • Timely public notice.

18. Exercising • Medical facilities and the exercise program. • EM should encourage medical facilities to participate in community exercises rather than conduct independent ones. • Organizing an exercise program. • Exercise committee. • Program, schedule, scenarios. • Announced versus unannounced exercises.

19. Exercising • Organizing an exercise program (contd.). • A document describing the exercise. • Critique of the exercise. • Computer simulations. • Budgeting for exercises. • Recovery exercises. • Complete plan should include a recovery exercise.

20. Conclusion • Military system of planning not the best model. • Professionalism of emergency manager must be upgraded through hiring and training. • Entire planning committee should be trained. • Training and exercising should include computer simulation.