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World War II – The Early Years

World War II – The Early Years. Pre 1930s Diplomacy. Portsmouth Conference and Gentleman’s Agreement with Japan. Washington Conference Reduced Navies ratios : US-5, Brit-5, Jap-3, Italy–1.75, Fra-1.75 How did this actually help Japan?

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World War II – The Early Years

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  1. World War II – The Early Years

  2. Pre 1930s Diplomacy • Portsmouth Conference and Gentleman’s Agreement with Japan. • Washington Conference • Reduced Navies ratios : US-5, Brit-5, Jap-3, Italy–1.75, Fra-1.75 • How did this actually help Japan? • Kellogg Briand Pact - Signed by 62 nations to outlaw war • Dawes Plan – Cycle of money. What happens when it stops? • Good Neighbor Policy – Positive relations with Latin America. How will that help in WWII?

  3. Early 1930s Timeline • 1931 – Japan invades Manchuria. What happens? • U.S. issues Stimson Doctrine which says Japan claim is illegitimate • 1932 – World Disarmament Conference – failure • 1933 – Hitler becomes Chancellor • FDR allows dollar to drop (helps U.S., hurts Europe) • 1935 – Italy invades Ethiopia. What happens? • Italy’s Fascist leader – Benito Mussolini • U.S. passes first Neutrality Act (no arm sales to belligerents)

  4. 1936 • Spanish Civil War – seen as ideological between Fascism and Democracy • What does U.S. do? Germany? France? Italy? Britain? • Guess who wins? Fascist leader – Francisco Franco • Germany moves into the Rhineland • How does France and Britain react? • U.S. issues 2nd Neutrality Act (no loans to belligerents)

  5. 1937 • Japan invades more of China • FDR give “Quarantine” speech • Japan sinks USS Panay, but apologizes • What does the U.S. do? • U.S. issues 3rd Neutrality Act (no shipment of arms to Spain)

  6. 1938 • Anschluss between Germany and __________ • Hitler wrote about this in Mein Kampf (__ ________) • Munich Conference • Hitler demands Sudetenland, promises last place he wants • What is significant about that area? • British leader Neville Chamberlain allows it. • Criticized by Winston Churchill. Calls it Appeasement

  7. 1939 • St. Louis – ship with 900 Jewish refugees arrived. What did the U.S. do? • March- Germany takes over rest of Czechoslovakia. But Hitler promised… • Aug – Non-aggression Pact between Germany and USSR • Even through Hitler and Soviet leader Josef Stalin dislike each other. • Sept 1st – Germany invades Poland with blitzkrieg attack. • Sept 3rd – Britain declares war on Germany (France and others follow) • Fall – USSR invades Baltic States and Finland • Fall – “Phony War” on French/German border • U.S. issues Neutrality Act, but allows for Cash-and-Carry of Weapons

  8. Early Holocaust • Where did Hitler write of his views for Germany? • Why were Jews the scapegoats? • How were Jews treated in the U.S.? • What other groups were targeted? • Nuremberg Laws– 1935 legislation which restricted the rights of Jews in Germany. • What did the Germans do once they entered Poland and other areas? • How did the persecution of Jews help the U.S. war effort later on?

  9. 1940 – Spring and Summer • After months of “phony war” Germany attacks. But who first? • Denmark, Norway, Netherlands, Belgium, and then France. • (Italy also attacks southern France) • Vichy France set up. (______ gov’t of who?) • Tripartite Pact between Axis powers Germany and Italy with _____. Why?

  10. 1940 – Fall • FDR wins 1940 election against Wendell Willkie • U.S. place embargo of oil and steel to Japan. What does that do? • U.S. passes Selective Service Act. Are we in the war? • Battle of Britain begins – What type fighting was it? • How will Britain survive? • U.S. passes Lend-Lease Act which helps those “vital to the defense of the U.S.” • Seen as the end of official neutrality, Isolationists oppose it • America First Committee

  11. Are we there yet? • Bases-for-Destroyers Deal (“Land-Lease”) – How does this help Britain double? • Atlantic Charter – April, 1941. Secret meeting between U.S. (FDR) and Britain (Churchill). Made peace objectives for after war. • Battle of Britain continues and Germany also invades USSR. • Hitler double-crosses Stalin. • Japan takes over former French colonies in Indochina. • Shoot-on-Sight order by FDR – Convoys to shoot German wolfpack subs. • USS Reuben James sunk by German sub. How do the U.S. people react?

  12. December 7, 1941 • “Day of Infamy” at Pearl Harbor • Over 2,400 Americans killed and Pacific Fleet damaged • People stunned, but was it really a surprise? • Japan’s Leader – Gen. Hideki Tojo • Dec 8th after FDR’s Infamy speech, U.S. declares war on Japan. • Three days later Germany and Italy declare war on U.S. Why?

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