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Enlightenment: Age of Reason Revolutionizing Society & Government

Dive into the paradigm shift of the Enlightenment, a cultural movement valuing reason. Explore the contributions of influential figures like Locke, Rousseau, and Smith in shaping modern political ideologies and societal norms. Uncover the clash with traditional institutions and the advocacy for individual rights and democratic principles. Witness the era's impact on art, music, and governance, encapsulating a quest for knowledge and liberty.

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Enlightenment: Age of Reason Revolutionizing Society & Government

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  1. The Enlightenment

  2. Enlightenment • Age of reason philosophical movement built off the achievements of the scientific revolution . • The believed that reason could be used to solve human problems ( all aspects of society, government, religion economics, and education .

  3. Thomas Hobbes The Leviathan (1651) • He believed that absolute monarchy was the best form of government • Natural lives were “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short.”

  4. John Locke • People were born equal with natural rights ( Life, liberty, and property ) • The purpose of government was to protect peoples rights . • 1690 Two Treaties on Government

  5. French philosophes • Salon – Gatherings in a home of the wealthy

  6. Voltaire • Spoke out against the government and the church • He believed in the religious toleration • Deist – believed the world was like a clock that God set according to natural laws Common sense is not so common. Voltaire If God did not exist, it would be necessary to invent Him. Voltaire

  7. Denis Diderot • He created the encyclopedia in 1751

  8. Jean – Jacques Rousseau • Social contract- believed that all good governments were formed by the people “General Will” ( Direct Democracy )

  9. Montesquieu • Separation of powers as well as checks and balances

  10. Mary Wollstonecraft • Equal rights for women

  11. Adam Smith • 1776 The Wealth of Nations • Laissez-Faire – Capitalism

  12. John Wesley • Methodism

  13. Music • Handel, Hayden, Bach, Mozart

  14. Enlightened Despots • Prussia – Fredrick II • Russia – Catherine The Great • Austria – Maria Theresa and Joseph II

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